{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:09:33Z","timestamp":1779376173548,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigate if sublingual space invasion (SLI) determined on magnetic resonance imaging confers differences in clinicopathological manifestations and treatment outcomes of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary Academic Medical Center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>221 OTSCC patients were included. Cox regression models and Kaplan\u2010Meier methods were used, and nomogram construction was performed, incorporating SLI with other adverse factors, to predict the prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On multivariable analysis, the following were associated with cervical nodal metastasis: (1) greater MRI T classification of T3\/T4 versus T1\/T2: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.784, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.459 to 5.313, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001; (2) gender (female vs male): aOR 4.117, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.602 to 10.576, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003; (3) presence of MRI\u2010determined SLI: aOR 2.588, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.393 to 4.808, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002. For survival outcomes, extranodal extension (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.380, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.024\u20105.644, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), poorly\u2010differentiated type (aHR: 1.720, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.006\u20102.943, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.047), lymphovascular invasion (aHR: 2.100, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.220\u20103.614, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.007), and SLI (aHR: 1.700, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.086\u20102.661, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.020) were statistically significant prognosticators of disease\u2010free survival. In overall survival, when controlled for age, gender, overall TNM stage, Charlson morbidity index, surgical margins, depth of invasion and adjuvant therapy, SLI was a statistically significant prognosticator (aHR: 1.622, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.012\u20102.602, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.044). A proposed novel nomogram for overall survival combining SLI and other risk factors showed a higher concordance index compared to a nomogram with TNM staging alone (0.783 vs 0.629, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>SLI is an independent prognostic factor for treatment outcomes in OTSCC. Incorporating SLI into a novel nomogram demonstrated improved predictive accuracy for post\u2010treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T06:19:22Z","timestamp":1734848362000},"page":"931-941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Radiological Sublingual Space Invasion in Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Associations and Impact on Survival"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2126-4665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"See","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Singapore General Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1661-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min\u2010Cun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yenlin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine National Tsing\u2010Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2486-7317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung\u2010You","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Yin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pin\u2010Hsuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ti\u2010Yung","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Hang","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1777-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai\u2010Ping","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Oral Health. 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