{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:57:04Z","timestamp":1791633424887,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To validate the use of neural radiance fields (NeRF), a state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art computer vision technique, for rapid, high\u2010fidelity 3\u2010dimensional (3D) reconstruction in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>An experimental cadaveric pilot study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery was performed on 3 cadaveric specimens, followed by postsurgical nasal endoscopy using a 0\u00b0 rigid endoscope. NeRF was utilized to generate 3D reconstructions from the monocular endoscopic video feed. Reconstructions were calibrated, scaled, and then co\u2010registered to postoperative computed tomography (CT) image sets to assess accuracy. Reconstruction error was determined by comparing ethmoid sinus measurements on NeRF reconstructions and CT image sets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>NeRF\u2010based 3D scene reconstructions were successfully generated and co\u2010registered to corresponding CT images for 5 out of 6 cadaveric nasal cavity sides. The mean reconstruction errors and standard error of the mean (SEM) for ethmoid length and height were 0.17 (SEM 0.59) and 0.70 (SEM 0.44)\u2009mm, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>NeRF demonstrates significant potential for dynamic, high\u2010fidelity 3D surgical field reconstruction in ESS, offering submillimeter accuracy comparable to postoperative CT data in cadaveric specimens. This innovative approach may ultimately augment dynamic real\u2010time intraoperative navigation through co\u2010registration of the 3D reconstruction with preoperative imaging to potentially reduce the risk of injury to critical structures, optimize surgical completeness and, thereby, improve surgical outcomes. Further refinement and validation in live surgical settings are necessary to fully realize its clinical utility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T08:53:07Z","timestamp":1736499187000},"page":"1435-1441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) for 3D Reconstruction of Monocular Endoscopic Video in Sinus Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1116-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy S.","family":"Ruthberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Bly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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