{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:25:49Z","timestamp":1790295949995,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the impact of parity on the severity and recurrence rates of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) in premenopausal females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two tertiary care centers from 2002 to 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed premenopausal iSGS patients under 40 years who underwent balloon dilation or laser wedge excision. Clinical features, including demographics and pregnancy history, were examined. Recurrence rates between nulliparous and parous patients were compared using Poisson regression, adjusting for age and follow\u2010up duration. Linear regression assessed the relationship between pregnancy and iSGS recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight patients were included, with 36 parous and 12 nulliparous. Adjusting for age and follow\u2010up, the mean recurrence rate was 2.6 times higher in parous patients (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.5, 4.8], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0008). Each additional pregnancy was associated with 0.81 additional recurrences (95% CI: [0.05, 1.57], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0375). No significant differences in surgery\u2010free time were observed between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parity and pregnancy significantly increase the risk of iSGS recurrence, although they do not accelerate subsequent recurrences. Health care providers should counsel women of childbearing age about these risks in family planning discussions, emphasizing shared decision\u2010making regarding potential surgical interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T02:47:56Z","timestamp":1744339676000},"page":"447-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pregnancy and Parity as Risk Factors for Recurrence in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Awadallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Forrest W.","family":"Fearington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousuf H.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hawa M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Science, Division of Biostatistics Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth H.","family":"Dailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Edell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semirra L.","family":"Bayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale C.","family":"Ekbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26931"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489420947780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X21991407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215119000690"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis, an unusual cause of dyspnea during pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"Wong BK","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc UCLA Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fertility of men and women aged 15\u201049 in the United States: national survey of family growth, 2015\u20102019","volume":"179","author":"Martinez GM","year":"2023","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis. NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Accessed September 15 2024.https:\/\/rarediseases.org\/rare-diseases\/idiopathic-subglottic-stenosis\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Treatment of heartburn and acid reflux associated with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy","volume":"56","author":"Law R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(02)00065-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Heartburn in pregnancy","volume":"2015","author":"Vazquez JC","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Clin Evid"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8563697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001568"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c2bde8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02441-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S204017441900014X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00771.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/401323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101625"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.1255","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:47:12Z","timestamp":1760971632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ohn.1255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ohn.1255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.1255","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}