{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:31:48Z","timestamp":1789475508361,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if microbiome differences exist in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on high\u2010risk pathologic features, smoking, and outcomes using The Cancer Microbiome Atlas (TCMA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Database study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Database review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>TCMA is a publicly available database containing curated, decontaminated microbial profiles for tumors from 1772 patients. The data were limited to microbiome profiles, survival, and clinicopathologic features for HNSCC patients. Phyloseq objects were created, low\u2010read samples were removed, and differential abundance analysis (DAA) using Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction 2 (ANCOM\u2010BC2) was performed. Statistical analysis was done in R (v4.3.1).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred fifty\u2010six patients with HNSCC were included from TCMA with a mean age of 59 (std 13, min 19, and max 90), 72% male (n\u2009=\u2009113), and 91% white (n\u2009=\u2009140). Primary sites encompassed oral cavity (n\u2009=\u2009106, 68%), oropharynx (n\u2009=\u200926, 17%), and larynx\/hypopharynx (n\u2009=\u200924, 15%). For all HNSCC in TCMA, rates of lymphovascular invasion were 17% (n\u2009=\u200926), perineural invasion, 34% (n\u2009=\u200953), and microscopic or gross extranodal extension (ENE), 19% (n\u2009=\u200930). DAA revealed significant changes in bacterial genera based on high\u2010risk pathologic features, smoking status, vital status, and disease\u2010specific survival (DSS). Genera observed with ANCOM\u2010BC2 include <jats:italic>Scardovia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Alloscardovia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic> genera for vital status and DSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in the relative abundance of select intratumoral bacterial genera are associated with adverse pathologic features, DSS, and vital status in HNSCC. Shifts in the microbiome need further investigation to determine if they can provide any mechanistic insight or predictive role.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T08:05:26Z","timestamp":1744617926000},"page":"420-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Altered Bacteria Abundance Is Associated With Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delaney H.","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama 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