{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:20:40Z","timestamp":1790961640981,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to assess the association between type 2 diabetes and hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Search conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published between January 2019 and April 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quality assessment and risk of bias analysis were conducted using the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa scale, and meta\u2010analyses of pooled data were performed with Cochrane's Review Manager.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 8354 initially identified articles, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of hearing loss in patients with type 2 diabetes range from 40.6% to 71.9%, which was significantly higher than in controls (odds ratio [OR]: 4.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22\u201014.37). The mean pure\u2010tone audiometric thresholds of the diabetic group were 3.19\u2009dB higher (95% CI: 1.08\u20105.19) and were higher for both low frequencies (1.11\u2009dB, 95% CI: 0.62\u20101.57) and, more severely, for high frequencies (2.3\u2009dB, 95% CI: 1.97\u20102.63). Patients with moderate (0.57%, 95% CI: 0.1\u20101.05) and severe\u2010to\u2010profound (0.95%, 95% CI: 0.02\u20101.87) hearing loss had higher mean HbA1c levels than controls. The prevalence of hearing loss was significantly higher among patients with a diagnosis of diabetes for more than 10 years (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.45\u20102.94). The gender of diabetic patients was found to have no influence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of hearing loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes ranges from 40.6% to 71.9%. Compared to the control group, the risk of hearing loss is 4.19 times higher and is predominantly observed at higher frequencies. The duration of diabetes and HbA1c levels are significant factors in the prevalence of hearing loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T06:12:26Z","timestamp":1757398346000},"page":"1041-1053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hearing Loss: A Prisma Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6105-3750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Caballero\u2010Borrego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Cirurgia i Especialitats Medicoquir\u00fargiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Systemic Autoimmune Diseases research group Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Andujar\u2010Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Cirurgia i Especialitats Medicoquir\u00fargiques, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"WHO. 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