{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:41:55Z","timestamp":1791830515573,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify if migraine is associated with auditory deficits and if the auditory profile of migraine is distinct from other pain syndromes, such as chronic pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional, retrospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5273 respondents of the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regression analyses assessed the association between migraine (n\u2009=\u20091245) and chronic pain (n\u2009=\u2009430) status with subjectively endorsed hearing loss, tinnitus, pure\u2010tone average (PTA) at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000\u2009Hz, and subjective\u2010audiometric hearing mismatch (endorsed hearing loss but with a PTA\u2009\u2264\u200925\u2009dB), correcting for confounding factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Migraine was associated with increased tinnitus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20091.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47\u20102.13, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and subjective hearing loss (aOR\u2009=\u20091.58, 95% CI: 1.29\u20101.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Migraine was associated with higher PTA (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.89, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.023). Migraine decreased the PTA threshold at which individuals endorsed subjective hearing loss (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22121.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.013) and was associated with a more subjective\u2010audiometric hearing mismatch (aOR\u2009=\u20091.50, 95% CI: 1.18\u20101.89, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Chronic pain was not associated with tinnitus (aOR\u2009=\u20091.26, 95% CI: 0.97\u20101.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.079), subjective hearing loss (aOR\u2009=\u20090.94, 95% CI: 0.71\u20101.23, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.64), changes in PTA (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.22, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.69), altered PTA threshold for endorsing hearing loss (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.40, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.19), or subjective\u2010audiometric hearing mismatch (aOR\u2009=\u20090.98, 95% CI: 0.70\u20101.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.88).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Migraine is associated with both worse pure\u2010tone audiometry and higher sensitivity to changes in hearing ability, suggesting both peripheral and central auditory function abnormalities. In contrast, patients with chronic pain did not demonstrate these abnormalities. The etiology of abnormal auditory processing in migraine may be different from that of other pain syndromes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T11:49:16Z","timestamp":1674992956000},"page":"1362-1370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Abnormal Subjective and Audiometric Auditory Function in Migraine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Allan R.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen K.","family":"Steenerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Alyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California 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