{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:50:59Z","timestamp":1786978259745,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate 2\u2010year outcomes after lidocaine\/epinephrine iontophoresis and tympanostomy using an automated tube delivery system for pediatric tube placement in\u2010office.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, single\u2010arm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen otolaryngology practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children age 6 months to 12 years indicated for tympanostomy were enrolled between October 2017 and February 2019. Local anesthesia of the tympanic membrane was achieved via lidocaine\/epinephrine iontophoresis and tympanostomy was completed using an automated tube delivery system (the Tula\u00ae System). An additional Lead\u2010In cohort of patients underwent tube placement in the operating room (OR) under general anesthesia using only the tube delivery system. Patients were followed for 2 years or until tube extrusion, whichever occurred first. Otoscopy and tympanometry were performed at 3 weeks, and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Tube retention, patency, and safety were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tubes were placed in\u2010office for 269 patients (449 ears) and in the OR for 68 patients (131 ears) (mean age, 4.5 years). The median and mean times to tube extrusion for the combined OR and In\u2010Office cohorts were 15.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.41\u201019.05) and 16.79 (95% CI: 16.16\u201017.42) months, respectively. Sequelae included ongoing perforation for 1.9% of ears (11\/580) and medial tube displacement for 0.2% (1\/580) observed at 18 months. Over a mean follow\u2010up of 14.3 months, 30.3% (176\/580) of ears had otorrhea and 14.3% (83\/580) had occluded tubes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In\u2010office pediatric tympanostomy using lidocaine\/epinephrine iontophoresis and automated tube delivery results in tube retention within the ranges described for similar grommet\u2010type tubes and complication rates consistent with traditional tube placement in the OR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T19:14:51Z","timestamp":1680376491000},"page":"692-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Two\u2010Year Outcomes After Pediatric In\u2010Office Tympanostomy Using Lidocaine\/Epinephrine Iontophoresis and an Automated Tube Delivery System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1368-7019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik H.","family":"Waldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale New Haven Children's Hospital New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced ENT &amp; Allergy Louisville Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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