{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:54:18Z","timestamp":1787162058287,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) Compare proportions of collapse, obstruction, or mixed instances on drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy findings of obese and nonobese children with obstructive sleep disordered breathing. (2) Determine the frequency of collapse in general between both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary pediatric center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Obese (body mass index &gt;95 percentile) children presenting with obstructive sleep disordered breathing (&gt;33 on the pediatric sleep questionnaire) were identified from a prospectively kept surgical database. Only those who had undergone drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy were eligible. Age and sex pair\u2010matched nonobese children were identified. Only nonsyndromic, neurologically normal, surgically na\u00efve patients were included. The frequency of obstructive, collapse, and mixed pharyngeal patterns was documented in both groups. A comparison of proportions was then undertaken (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      test).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over a 5\u2010year period, 73 consecutive children with obesity were identified (40 males; mean of 8.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0 years, 2.8\u201013.1). They were matched with 73 nonobese children (8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0 years, 2.6\u201014.1). The obese group exhibited significantly more pharyngeal collapses (62:47) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0021 odds ratio [OR] 3.358, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52\u20107.42). The proportion of pharyngeal findings on drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy was significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.000129) between the 2 groups; obese (61 mixed: 3 obstruction: 9 collapse) and nonobese (48 mixed: 22 obstruction: 4 collapse).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The predominance of hypopharyngeal collapse in children with obesity may explain the likelihood of failure of surgery directed at obstructive findings. This may also strengthen the case for drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy in this group at the initial surgery to guide it rather than after the failure of adenotonsillectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T06:54:43Z","timestamp":1682232883000},"page":"1041-1047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patterns of Pharyngeal Obstruction and Collapse in Obese and Nonobese Children on Drug\u2010Induced Sleep Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Sadiq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine &amp; Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9349-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdy","family":"El\u2010Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Otolayngology Head &amp; 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