{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:11:29Z","timestamp":1784679089822,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Untreated sleep\u2010disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with problem behaviors in children. The neurological basis for this relationship is unknown. We used functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess the relationship between cerebral hemodynamics of the frontal lobe of the brain and problem behaviors in children with SDB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urban tertiary care academic children's hospital and affiliated sleep center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled children with SDB aged 5 to 16 years old referred for polysomnography. We measured fNIRS\u2010derived cerebral hemodynamics within the frontal lobe during polysomnography. We assessed parent\u2010reported problem behaviors using the Behavioral Response Inventory of Executive Function Second Edition (BRIEF\u20102). We compared the relationships between (i) the instability in cerebral perfusion in the frontal lobe measured fNIRS, (ii) SDB severity using apnea\u2010hypopnea index (AHI), and (iii) BRIEF\u20102 clinical scales using Pearson correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>). A <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 54 children were included. The average age was 7.8 (95% confidence interval, 7.0\u20108.7) years; 26 (48%) were boys and 25 (46%) were Black. The mean AHI was 9.9 (5.7\u201014.1). There is a statistically significant inverse relationship between the coefficient of variation of perfusion in the frontal lobe and BRIEF\u20102 clinical scales (range of <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.24\u20100.49, range of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.076 to &lt;.001). The correlations between AHI and BRIEF\u20102 scales were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results provide preliminary evidence for fNIRS as a child\u2010friendly biomarker for the assessment of adverse outcomes of SDB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T10:07:11Z","timestamp":1681985231000},"page":"1290-1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Resting\u2010State Cerebral Hemodynamics is Associated With Problem Behaviors in Pediatric Sleep\u2010Disordered Breathing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Amal","family":"Isaiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland 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