{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:06:25Z","timestamp":1769576785025,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to create a synthetic laryngeal microsurgery simulation model and training program; to assess its face, content, and construct validity; and to review the available phonomicrosurgery simulation models in the literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nonrandomly assigned control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simulation training course for the otolaryngology residency program at Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Resident (postgraduate year 1 [PGY1]\/PGY2) and expert groups were recruited. A laryngeal microsurgery synthetic model was developed. Nine tasks were designed and assessed through a set of programmed exercises with increasing difficulty, to fulfill 5 surgical competencies. Imperial College Surgical Assessment Device sensors applied to the participants'\u00a0hands measured time and movements. The activities were video\u2010recorded and blindly assessed by 2\u00a0laryngologists using a specific and global rating scale (SRS\u00a0and GRS). A 5\u2010point Likert survey assessing validity was completed by experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen participants were recruited (14 residents\u00a0and 4 experts). Experts performed significantly better than residents in the SRS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003), and GRS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004). Internal consistency was demonstrated for the SRS (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.972, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Experts had a shorter execution time (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.007), and path length with the right hand (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.04). The left hand did not show significant differences. The survey assessing validity resulted in a median 36 out of 40 points score for face validity; and 43 out of 45 points score, for global content validity. The literature review revealed 20 available phonomicrosurgery simulation models, only 6 with construct validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The face, content, and construct validity of the laryngeal microsurgery simulation training program\u00a0were established. It could be replicated and incorporated into residents' curricula.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T07:53:45Z","timestamp":1685087625000},"page":"971-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development and Validation of a Laryngeal Microsurgery Simulation Training System for Otolaryngology Residents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1831-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Santander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Sep\u00falveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, 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