{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:24:41Z","timestamp":1780568681615,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010echo\u2010planar diffusion\u2010weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging\u00a0(non\u2010EPI MRI) is the appropriate sequence to detect residual cholesteatoma. In the child, MRI may be clinically useful to determine the timing of the second\u2010look procedure. The aim of this paper was to retrospectively evaluate the performance of early MRI (before the 18th postoperative month) in detecting residual cholesteatoma in children after review by experienced specialized neuroradiologists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>One university center comparative cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients who had a 2\u2010staged procedure for cholesteatoma with an MRI before the second stage from 2010 to 2020 were included and analyzed. Three pediatric neuroradiologists reviewed all the images blinded to the surgical result.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\u2009=\u2009141 cholesteatoma events (140 children) were included with a mean age at MRI of 10 (\u00b14) years old. Non\u2010EPI MRIs were performed 10.7 (\u00b13.8) months after the first\u2010stage surgery and 2.2 (\u00b12.6) months before the second\u2010stage procedure. Non\u2010EPI MRI had a 0.57 sensitivity (SE) and 0.83 specificity (SP). MRI was reviewed in 112 cases. The diagnosis was corrected in 17 cases (15.1%) (3 true positives, 7 false negatives, and 7 false positives). SE\u2009=\u20090.63 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.1) and SP\u2009=\u20090.92 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08) after rereading.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early MRI's SE\u00a0is poor but SP is excellent after rereading. Evidence does not support the use of early non\u2010EPI MRI to modify the surgical strategy or to postpone the second look. If performed, early non\u2010EPI MRI should be read by specialized experienced radiologists with all 3 sequences (T1, T2, and\u00a0non\u2010EPI DW) and apparent diffusion coefficient calculation, especially in cases of otitis media with effusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T09:58:50Z","timestamp":1685699930000},"page":"1631-1638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Diagnose Residual Cholesteatoma in Children and Benefit of Radiological Rereview"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4039-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Baudouin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9 Paris France"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric 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