{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:07:43Z","timestamp":1788282463337,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of nonecho planar (non\u2010EPI) diffusion\u2010weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u00a0to detect residual cholesteatoma in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary comprehensive hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children operated on for a first\u2010stage cholesteatoma procedure from 2010 to 2019 were included. MRIs were performed with non\u2010EPI\u00a0DW sequences. Initial reports were collected, indicating the presence or absence of hyperintensity suggestive of cholesteatoma. Three hundred twenty\u2010three MRIs were correlated with the subsequent surgery (66%) or year\u2010later MRI (21%), or were considered accurate if performed 5 years or more after the last surgery (13%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of each imaging procedure for the detection of cholesteatoma were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred twenty\u2010four\u00a0children with mean age of 9\u2009\u00b1\u20094 years old presented with cholesteatoma. MRIs were performed 27\u2009\u00b1\u200924 months after surgery. Residual cholesteatoma was diagnosed in 35%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MRI were 62%, 86%, 74%, and 78%, respectively. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity increased significantly over time (multivariate analysis). The mean delay after last surgery was of 30\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0 months for accurate MRI (true positive or negative) versus 17\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0 months for nonaccurate (false positive or negative) MRIs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>However, long the delay after the last surgery, the sensitivity of non\u2010EPI diffusion sequence MRI in children has limitations for the detection of residual cholesteatoma. Surveillance for residual cholesteatoma should incorporate findings at primary surgery, surgeon experience, a low threshold for second\u2010look procedures, and routine imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T06:10:50Z","timestamp":1686723050000},"page":"221-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Performance of Non\u2010EPI DW MRI for Pediatric Cholesteatoma Follow\u2010Up"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7826-0721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Daoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Radiology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Baudouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Couloigner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"},{"name":"UMR\u20101163 Institut Imagine, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Leboulanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"},{"name":"UMR\u20101163 Institut Imagine, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Er\u00e9a\u2010Noel","family":"Garab\u00e9dian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"},{"name":"UMR\u20101163 Institut Imagine, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahina","family":"Belhous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Radiology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Boddaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Radiology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Denoyelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"},{"name":"UMR\u20101163 Institut Imagine, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants\u2010Malades Paris France"},{"name":"UMR\u20101163 Institut Imagine, H\u00f4pital Necker\u2010Enfants Malades Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.3785"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2010.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.1.1810261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.324115109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001353"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"HASTE diffusion\u2010weighted MRI for the reliable detection of cholesteatoma","volume":"18","author":"Il\u0131ca AT","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489418800833"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1706-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3287-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002521"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.9.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07400-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2022.111172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2013.08.002"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"1480","article-title":"Single\u2010shot, turbo spin\u2010echo, diffusion\u2010weighted imaging versus spin\u2010echo\u2010planar, diffusion\u2010weighted imaging in the detection of acquired middle ear cholesteatoma","volume":"27","author":"De Foer B","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"515","article-title":"Recidivous cholesteatoma: DWI MR after canal wall up and canal wall down mastoidectomy","volume":"117","author":"Bakaj T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12762"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31816c7c3b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2019.02.013"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:44:38Z","timestamp":1760953478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ohn.398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ohn.398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.398","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}