{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:08:37Z","timestamp":1790039317341,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the long\u2010term educational and occupational status of prelingually bilateral deaf children who received a cochlear implant (CI) before the age of 7, and to identify factors that influence these outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective chart review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single tertiary care center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010one children who underwent CI surgery from 2000 to 2007 were included. The latest education and occupation status and word recognition score (WRS) were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age at the time of surgery and the current age was 3.9 and 22.4 years. The age at CI showed a negative correlation with WRS. All subjects had graduated from high school or obtained an equivalent educational qualification. General high school graduates showed a higher WRS than those who attended a special education high school. The college entrance rate of CI patients (74.6% %) was comparable to that of the general population (72.5%). Subjects who went to college had a significantly better WRS than those who did not (51.4% vs 19.3%). Excluding 30 subjects currently enrolled in college, 26 (62%) of the remaining 41 were currently employed and engaged in various vocational activities, of which most (21 out of 26, 81%) were employed through vocational training institutes, or via special recruitment policy for the disabled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The long\u2010term use of CI in prelingually deaf children enables not only speech perception but also produces comparable levels of education and employment to those of the general population. A good WRS and supportive policy were related to these successful outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T03:50:28Z","timestamp":1689133828000},"page":"245-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Long\u2010Term Educational and Occupational Status of Prelingually Deaf Children Who Have Received a Cochlear Implant"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Cheol","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7451-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6990-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonjoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1692-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo Seok","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6726-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joong Ho","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Woo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Ju","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000051689.57380.1B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06866-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000180483.16619.8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2016.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2008.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200409000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ens024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"International Labour Organization.International Standard Classification of Occupations. 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