{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:10:50Z","timestamp":1788401450949,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore how gender and low\u2010income status independently influence general health care access in patients with hearing loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>National database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with a diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss from the National Institutes of Health <jats:italic>All of Us<\/jats:italic> database were included. Data entered from May 2018 to November 2022 was analyzed. Patient demographics\u00a0such as age, gender, educational level, and insurance status were assessed. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed for statistical evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A subset of 8875 patients (48.3% male, mean age 69) were evaluated. After multivariate analysis, female participants were more likely than male participants to report difficulty affording prescribed medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005) and specialists (OR: 1.4, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005). Female patients were also more likely to delay care due to elder care responsibilities (OR: 2.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005), employment obligations (OR: 1.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005), and feelings of apprehension in seeing a provider (OR: 1.7, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005). Finally, female participants reported feeling less likely to be involved in their own medical care compared to males (OR: 1.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.005). Low\u2010income (&lt;$25,000) participants reported less likely to feel respected (OR: 3.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005) and delivered understandable health information (OR: 2.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0005) by providers compared to participants of higher income.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This work suggests that patients with hearing loss, female gender, and lower socioeconomic status independently introduce barriers to health care access and utilization. These factors should be considered in efforts to promote equity in the care of patients with hearing loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T17:26:42Z","timestamp":1689874002000},"page":"76-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hearing Loss and Sociodemographic Barriers to Health Care Access Using the <i>All of Us<\/i> Research Program"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Cortina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalen","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria W.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Naples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0356-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264315585505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2017.0245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2016.0164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health.All of UsResearch Program. 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