{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:51:17Z","timestamp":1784566277083,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the rates of complications after pediatric temporal bone fractures (TBF) and the utility of the longitudinal, transverse, and mixed versus the otic capsule sparing (OCS) and otic capsule violating (OCV) classification systems in predicting these complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Per PRISMA guidelines, studies of children with TBFs were included. Meta\u2010analyses of proportions were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 22 studies with 1376 TBFs were included. Children with TBF had higher rates of conductive\u00a0hearing\u00a0loss (CHL) than sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (31.3% [95% confidence interval [CI] 23.2\u201040.1] vs\u00a012.9% [95% CI 8.9\u201017.5]). No differences in both CHL\u00a0and SNHL were seen between longitudinal and transverse TBFs; however, OCV TBFs had higher rates of SNHL than OCS TBFs (59.3% [95% CI 27.8\u201087.0] vs\u00a04.9% [95% CI 1.5\u201010.1]). Of all patients, 9.9% [95% CI 7.2\u201013.1] experienced facial nerve (FN) paresis\/paralysis, and 13.4% [95% CI 5.9\u201023.2] experienced cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Transverse TBFs had higher rates of FN paresis\/paralysis than longitudinal (27.7% [95% CI 17.4\u201040.0] vs\u00a08.6% [95% CI 5.2\u201012.8]), but rates were similar between OCS and OCV TBFs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CHL was the most common complication after TBF in children; however, neither classification system was superior in identifying CHL. The traditional system was more effective at identifying FN injuries, and the new system was more robust at identifying SNHL. While these results suggest that both classification systems might have utility in evaluating pediatric TBFs, these analyses were limited by sample size. Future research on outcomes of pediatric TBFs stratified by type of fracture, mainly focusing on long\u2010term outcomes, is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T05:19:32Z","timestamp":1704259172000},"page":"1009-1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Complications After Pediatric Temporal Bone Fractures by Classification System: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6907-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas S.","family":"Poupore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie F.","family":"Britt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"},{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina School of Medicine Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun A.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.316115506"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures","volume":"18","author":"Brodie HA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1983.00800190007002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","volume-title":"The Temporal Bone: A Manual for Dissection and Surgical Approaches","author":"Sanna M","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197710000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2890090306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Deformations of the skull in head injury studied by the stresscoat technique, quantitative determinations","volume":"83","author":"Gurdjian ES","year":"1946","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199202000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"1127","volume-title":"Neurotology","author":"Kelly K","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199912000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.12.1300"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199806000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002804"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78716-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.754995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Oxford Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Medicine. The Oxford Levels of Evidence 2. Accessed July 20 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Green S","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00377-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199402000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.110.3.598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1849-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/ajo.2020.03.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289203100103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459987908700308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120000419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815609114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-018-1371-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989770209-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.116182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2008.49.5.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-018-3742-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xocr.2021.100297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1287160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690220148824"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"703","article-title":"[Fracture of the temporal bone. Evaluation of 123 cases]","volume":"70","author":"Ghorayeb BY","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200410000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1254383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1601885"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.638","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T13:32:20Z","timestamp":1760967140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ohn.638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ohn.638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.638","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}