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The purpose of this review is to summarize the toxicological effects of e\u2010cigarettes, and their components, on the upper airway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE databases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systematic searches were performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010analyses guidelines from 2003 to 2023. Studies were included if they investigated the toxicological effects of e\u2010cigarette exposure on human or animal upper airway tissue. Two authors independently screened, reviewed, and appraised all included articles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 822 unique articles were identified, of which 53 met inclusion criteria and spanned subsites including the oral cavity (22\/53 studies), nasal cavity\/nasopharynx (13\/53), multiple sites (10\/53), larynx (5\/53), trachea (2\/53), and oropharynx (1\/53). The most commonly observed consequences of e\u2010cigarette use on the upper airway included: proinflammatory (15\/53 studies), histological (13\/53), cytotoxicity (11\/53), genotoxicity (11\/53), and procarcinogenic (6\/53). E\u2010cigarette humectants independently induced toxicity at multiple upper airway subsites, however, effects were generally amplified when flavoring(s) and\/or nicotine were added. Across almost all studies, exposure to cigarette smoke exhibited increased toxicity in the upper airway compared with exposure to e\u2010cigarette vapor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current data suggest\u00a0that while e\u2010cigarettes are generally less harmful than traditional cigarettes, they possess a distinct toxicological profile that is enhanced upon the addition of flavoring(s) and\/or nicotine. Future investigations into underexamined subsites, such as the oropharynx and hypopharynx, are needed to comprehensively understand the effects of e\u2010cigarettes on the upper airway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T07:49:45Z","timestamp":1707896985000},"page":"1246-1269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Toxicological Effects of e\u2010Cigarette Use in the Upper Airway: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2318-0975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron P.","family":"Worden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-9258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla B.","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor G.","family":"Hackman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0855-6444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendell G.","family":"Yarbrough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Virology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam J.","family":"Kimple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Virology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2357-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zainab","family":"Farzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"VillarroelMA ChaAE VahratianA.\u00a0Electronic Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults 2018.\u00a0NCHS Data Brief no. 365. 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