{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:07Z","timestamp":1786978267273,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Verification that blind and excessive use of antioxidants leads to antioxidant stress which exacerbates cochlear cell damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Basic research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We compared and quantified hair cell\u2010like house ear institute\u2010organ of corti 1 (HEI\u2010OC1) cell density, cell viability, and apoptosis caused by different concentrations of\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010acetylcysteine\u00a0(NAC) via Hoechst staining, Cell Counting Kit 8, Hoechst with propidium iodide staining, and Annexin V with propidium iodide (PI) staining. Apoptosis induced by high concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 in cochlear explants was analyzed and compared by cochlear dissection and activated caspase 3 labeling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With the increase of NAC concentration (0\u20101000\u2009\u03bcmol\/L), cell density decreased consequently and reached the lowest at 1000\u2009\u03bcmol\/L (****\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009.0001). Cell viability is also declining (**\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01). The number of Annexin V\u2010fluorescein isothiocyanate\u2010labeled cells and PI\u2010labeled cells increased with increasing NAC concentration after treatment of HEI\u2010OC1 cells for 48\u2009hours. The proportion of apoptotic cells also rose (*\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.05, **\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Cochlear hair cells (HCs) treated with low concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 for 48\u2009hours showed no damage. When the concentrations of M40403 and coenzyme Q10 were increased (concentrations\uff1e30\u2009\u03bcmol\/L), HC damage began, followed by a dose\u2010dependent increase in HC loss (*\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001, **\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). Activated caspase\u20103 was clearly apparent in cochlear explants treated with 50\u2009\u03bcmol\/L M40403 and coenzyme Q10 compared with cochlear explants without added M40403 and coenzyme Q10.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These experimental results suggest that inappropriate application of antioxidants can cause severe damage to normal cochlear HCs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T02:49:02Z","timestamp":1707274142000},"page":"1421-1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antioxidative Stress\u2010Induced Destruction to Cochlear Cells Caused by Blind Antioxidant 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