{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:41:55Z","timestamp":1791830515527,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the treatment efficacy of neuromodulation versus sham for the treatment of tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from inception through May 2023 for English language articles documenting \u201cneuromodulation\u201d and \u201ctinnitus\u201d stratified by sham\u2010controlled randomized control trials with 40 or more patients. Data collected included Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Questionnaire, and Visual Analog Scale. A Meta\u2010analysis of continuous measures (mean) and proportions (%) were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 19 randomized control trials (N\u2009=\u20091186) were included. The mean age was 48.4\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3 (range: 19\u201074), mean duration of tinnitus was 3.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4 years, 61% [56.2\u201065.7] male, and 55.7% [46\u201065] with unilateral tinnitus. The short\u2010term effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on THI score is \u221216.2 [\u221223.1 to \u22129.3] and \u221219 [\u221230.1 to \u22127.8], respectively. The long\u2010term effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on THI score is \u22128.6 [\u221211.5 to \u22125.7]. Transcranial direct current stimulation decreases BDI score by \u221211.8 [\u221213.3 to \u221210.3].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As measured by the Tinnitus Handicap Index, our findings suggest the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation reach significant benefit in the short term, whereas repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reaches significant benefit in the long term. Based on the BDI, transcranial direct current stimulation significantly reduces comorbid depression in patients with tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T07:39:20Z","timestamp":1707896360000},"page":"1234-1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neuromodulation for Treatment of Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6127-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke D.","family":"Heiland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III,","given":"Johnny M.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun A.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Labadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted A.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Tinnitus: Theory and Management","author":"Hoffmann HJ","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1506631"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.127850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814547475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-019-0633-7"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","article-title":"Anticonvulsants for tinnitus","volume":"2011","author":"Hoekstra CE","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews. 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