{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T09:35:24Z","timestamp":1764322524176,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To characterize postoperative Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and middle ear pathology following Le Fort I osteotomy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Single tertiary care center.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Patients who underwent Le Fort I (LF1) osteotomy between 2000 and 2022 were identified using CPT codes. Audiometric, tympanometric, clinical, and surgical data were extracted. ETD was defined by abnormal tympanometry (type B or C), an air\u2010bone gap >10\u2009dB, or PE tube placement. Patients were stratified by preoperative ETD status and classified by postoperative phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among 2316 surgical patients, 151 had audiometric data. 47 patients met criteria for postoperative ETD: 15 had no prior history of ETD, 15 had a remote history of ETD, and 17 had active preoperative ETD within the year preceding Le Fort surgery. The most common phenotype of postoperative ETD was middle ear effusion (49%), followed by objective pressure abnormalities without effusion (17%), symptoms only (15%), cholesteatoma (11%), and complete Eustachian tube stenosis (9%). 28% of patients with postoperative ETD required PE tube placement and 13% required more advanced otologic surgery. Notably, 2 patients without a history of cleft palate or craniofacial syndrome developed permanent ET pathology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n ETD may occur as a complication of Le Fort I osteotomy, even in patients without pre\u2010existing otologic disease.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n Level 4\u2014Case series & retrospective cohort studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.70022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T06:42:48Z","timestamp":1760424168000},"page":"1463-1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Auditory Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery: An Analysis of Middle Ear Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0311-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Mehrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Carvette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anahita H.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily Z.","family":"Stucken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1357112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1452-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-008-1755-5"},{"volume-title":"StatPearls","year":"2025","author":"Casale J","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-05283-2.00132-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1998_035_0101_aasott_2.3.co_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001060050736"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"Tympanometric changes after total maxillary osteotomy","volume":"39","author":"Baddour HM","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Oral Surg (American Dental Association: 1965)"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"Hearing sensitivity and measurements of middle ear and eustachian tube function after maxillary osteotomy with advancement surgery","volume":"38","author":"DeRuyter F","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Oral Surg (American Dental Association: 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Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.70022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T09:30:44Z","timestamp":1764322244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ohn.70022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ohn.70022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.70022","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0194-5998"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-6817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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