{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:32:01Z","timestamp":1786386721653,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate how patient\u2010reported outcomes vary by etiology of facial paralysis and to identify functional, esthetic, and psychosocial determinants of patient lived experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single\u2010center, tertiary academic facial nerve clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults with inflammatory, schwannoma, parotid neoplasm, or congenital facial paralysis completed FACE\u2010Q modules, the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire\u2010Short Form (TEIQue\u2010SF), and a social support rating. Facial paralysis severity was graded with Sunnybrook scores. Kruskal\u2010Wallis and Dunn's post hoc testing along with multivariable linear regression assessed associations between etiology and outcomes, adjusting for severity, duration, prior surgical procedures, emotional intelligence, and social support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Etiology independently shaped patient experience in multiple domains. Compared with inflammatory paralysis, parotid neoplasm was associated with worse lip appearance (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221212.07, SE\u2009=\u20095.05,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.036), speech function (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221216.16, SE\u2009=\u20096.40,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.010), and speech\u2010related distress (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22125.51, SE\u2009=\u20092.11,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.009). Congenital paralysis was linked to lower appearance distress (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912.81, SE\u2009=\u20095.30,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.017) and higher social functioning (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917.48, SE\u2009=\u20097.13,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.028). Schwannoma resection had improved facial appearance (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097.96, SE\u2009=\u20093.03,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.020) and psychological function (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096.83, SE\u2009=\u20092.89,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.037). Across etiologies, higher baseline emotional intelligence improved appearance, psychosocial, and functional perceptions, while stronger social support mitigated speech\u2010related distress and outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient\u2010reported outcomes and lived experience in facial paralysis differ meaningfully by etiology. Beyond clinical severity, a patient's emotional intelligence, social context, and underlying cause of paralysis shape personal perceptions of appearance, function, and well\u2010being. These findings highlight the importance of etiology\u2010specific counseling, rehabilitation, and psychosocial support to optimize recovery and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.70089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T13:16:21Z","timestamp":1765977381000},"page":"386-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Lived Experience of Facial Paralysis: Impact of Etiology on Patient Perceptions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7211-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Renne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0890-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Berges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7007-7814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kofi D. O.","family":"Boahene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2021.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136-018-0196-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.0649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2021.0017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2021.1290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2023.0022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000002072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2010.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S410606"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-022-10003-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03878"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_601_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201508-490OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2008.49.5.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.1978.88.5.787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2023.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488809124993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0575"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"PortfolioQ. FACE\u2010Q Paralysis Modules. Accessed August 15 2025.https:\/\/qportfolio.org\/face-q\/paralysis\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2010.497426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989670206-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12440"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200411000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-020-05725-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2011.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136-021-00343-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002757"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Development and application of explainable artificial intelligence using machine learning classification for long\u2010term facial nerve function after vestibular schwannoma surgery","volume":"171","author":"Przepiorka L","year":"2025","journal-title":"JNO"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2022487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026921559500900206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2023.2259310"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Bell palsy: rapid evidence review","volume":"107","author":"Dalrymple SN","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Treatment of complications of parotid gland surgery","volume":"25","author":"Marchese\u2010Ragona R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318213a11a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2021.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1544227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3196-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-4296(03)00037-7"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"997","article-title":"Bell's palsy: diagnosis and management","volume":"76","author":"Tiemstra JD","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2024.0138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.70066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06635-4"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.70089","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ohn.70089","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.70089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:27:31Z","timestamp":1786386451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ohn.70089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ohn.70089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.70089","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}