{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:12:42Z","timestamp":1788797562220,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25DC020706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25DC020706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007930","name":"Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007930","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007338","name":"Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The opioid crisis has led to significant morbidity and mortality. A component of this is attributable to overdoses on prescribed opioids. A prior study estimated that 39% of opioid prescriptions after craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma were potentially inappropriate prescriptions. The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with potentially inappropriate and prolonged opioid prescriptions in the postoperative CMF trauma patient population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Merative\u2122 MarketScan\u00ae Commercial &amp; Multi\u2010State Medicaid Databases (2015\u20102022).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing CMF trauma surgery were identified and stratified based on whether they had commercial versus Medicaid insurance. The association of prolonged opioid prescription length with demographic, comorbid, and surgical factors was investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 23,985 patients from 2015 to 2022 underwent CMF trauma surgery and received postoperative opioid prescriptions. The average prescription length was significantly lower in the commercially insured cohort versus the Medicaid cohort (24.6 days vs 33.7 days), and 22% of prescriptions were potentially inappropriate in nature. A diagnosis of chronic pain, as well as having 2 overlapping opioid prescriptions or an extended\u2010release opioid prescription, had the highest adjusted odds of a prescription longer than 30 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although potentially inappropriate prescriptions after CMF trauma surgery decreased from a prior estimate (39% vs 22%), inappropriate prescribing practices are highly associated with prolonged opioid prescriptions. Providers must ensure patients do not have an existing opioid prescription before writing an additional one and should not dispense extended\u2010release formulations in the acute postoperative setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.70201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:24:06Z","timestamp":1773836646000},"page":"1468-1475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Opioid Dependency After Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2469-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrita","family":"Hari\u2010Raj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai D.","family":"Challapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Center for Administrative Data Research Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Buss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical &amp; Translational Sciences, Center for Administrative Data Research Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorina","family":"Kallogjeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay F.","family":"Piccirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Spataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"HedegaardH Mini\u00f1oAM SpencerMR WarnerM.Drug overdose deaths in the United States 1999\u20132020. NCHS Data Brief no 428. Hyattsville MD: National Center for Health Statistics.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.merative.com\/documents\/merative-marketscan-research-databases"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Review Committee on Orthopaedic Surgery: Case Log Guidelines for Orthopaedic Trauma [Internet]. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education;2024.https:\/\/www.acgme.org\/globalassets\/pfassets\/programresources\/269_caselogguidelines_orthopaedictrauma.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Pain sensitivity in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"51","author":"Carrasco\u2010Picazo JP","year":"2023","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psiquiatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2019.1663705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01137-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.158500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Review Committee on Orthopaedic Surgery: Case Log Guidelines for Orthopaedic Trauma [Internet]. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education;2024.https:\/\/www.acgme.org\/globalassets\/pfassets\/programresources\/269_caselogguidelines_orthopaedictrauma.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphs.12215"},{"issue":"43","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers\u2014United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services\u201cBest practices for addressing prescription opioid overdoses misuse and addiction.\u201d Baltimore MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"648","article-title":"Potential misuse and inappropriate prescription practices involving opioid analgesics","volume":"19","author":"Liu Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318293c2c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2015.0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2018.24.9.886"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16085"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.70201","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ohn.70201","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.70201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:04:09Z","timestamp":1788797049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ohn.70201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ohn.70201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.70201","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}