{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T16:12:42Z","timestamp":1788797562217,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201017\u2010CE19\u20100005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201017\u2010CE19\u20100005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether autofluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) can reliably distinguish cholesteatoma from surrounding middle\u2010ear tissues, and to develop a real\u2010time intraoperative diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective ex vivo study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Besan\u00e7on University Hospital, France (tertiary care center).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective ex vivo study, middle\u2010ear tissue biopsies were collected during cholesteatoma surgeries and analyzed using autofluorescence following 405\u2010nm laser excitation. Each sample was classified based on its spectral signature and confirmed by histopathology. A computer\u2010assisted model was applied to differentiate cholesteatoma from noncholesteatoma tissues, and its performance was assessed using standard cross\u2010validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010six tissue samples from 23 patients were analyzed, generating nearly 3800 fluorescence spectra. The model correctly classified all samples, achieving 94.5% accuracy, 94.7% sensitivity, and 94.2% specificity. The system provided consistent performance across tissue types and returned results in real time, with a response time of 0.1\u2009seconds per sample. Each output included a probability score indicating the likelihood of cholesteatoma presence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AFS demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing cholesteatoma from other middle\u2010ear tissues. Its speed, simplicity, and probabilistic feedback suggest strong potential for real\u2010time intraoperative use. Once validated in vivo, this technology could assist surgeons by improving tissue discrimination and potentially reducing recurrence rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.70207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T12:18:40Z","timestamp":1774181920000},"page":"1593-1598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Real\u2010Time Intraoperative Detection of Middle\u2010Ear Cholesteatoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4839-5817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joackim","family":"Mahdjoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Besan\u00e7on Marie and Louis Pasteur University Besan\u00e7on France"},{"name":"SINERGIES (UR 4662) Marie and Louis Pasteur University Besan\u00e7on 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