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Although otolaryngology\u2010head and neck surgery (OHNS) has lower rates of VTE than other surgical specialties, VTE rates and risk factors by subspecialty are not well characterized. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aims to synthesize the published evidence on VTE in OHNS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Central, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 10\/06\/2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical and observational studies of adult patients who underwent otolaryngologic surgery were included. Outcome measures included VTE, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE) rates. Three independent reviewers evaluated each abstract and article. Heterogeneity and bias across studies were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 4329 studies identified, 212 met inclusion criteria, comprising 2,779,113 patients. The overall event rates were 0.008 for VTE (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200999%, prediction interval [PI] 0.001\u20100.100), 0.006 for DVT (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200999%, PI 0.000\u20100.066), and 0.005 for PE (\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200997%, PI 0.001\u20100.045). On subspecialty analysis, VTE rates were highest for rhinology (0.013), followed by otology (0.010), head and neck (0.010), FPRS (0.006), comprehensive (0.004), sleep surgery (0.003), and laryngology (0.002). There was no correlation between chemoprophylaxis rates and either VTE or bleeding. Risk factors identified included prolonged procedure duration, free flap, lower extremity donor sites, and lumbar drain, among others.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VTE rates in OHNS are overall low but may be further optimized. Development of an OHNS specialty\u2010specific chemoprophylaxis guideline may improve perioperative risk stratification and reduce morbidity and mortality from VTE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.70208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T12:15:12Z","timestamp":1774181712000},"page":"1390-1409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Venous Thromboembolism in Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0809-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon S.","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2897-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherian Kurian","family":"Kandathil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Saltychev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Losorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5156-4070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beverly Jiali","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7385-3149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam P.","family":"Most","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic &amp; Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Preventing Hospital\u2010Associated Venous Thromboembolism. 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