{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:24:22Z","timestamp":1787761462324,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent health inequities exist in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) outcomes among racial and ethnic minority populations. Structural racism creates inequitable population\u2010level risk for health conditions, including cancer. This study is the first to review the effects of structural racism on HNC risk factors and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, PapersFirst, MedNar, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRISMA guidelines were utilized to search 7 databases from inception to May 6, 2024. 6734 deduplicated titles and abstracts were screened, of which 45 underwent full\u2010text review. Thirty\u2010one studies met the inclusion criteria of reporting a domain of structural racism impacting head and neck cancer risk factors or outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survival outcomes of HNC in racial and ethnic minority populations were associated with and compounded by neighborhood factors and socioeconomic status. Insurance status affected survival disproportionately in Black compared to White participants. Black participants demonstrated stronger estimates of association for higher intensity and duration of cigarette smoking. Perceived barriers to access to care among Black males contributed to delays in seeking treatment. Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders were more likely to present with advanced\u2010stage disease and had worse disease\u2010specific survival compared to White populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structural racism significantly contributes to disparities in HNC risk factors and treatment outcomes experienced by racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Further research is needed to evaluate structural racism domains to inform multi\u2010level interventions to eliminate inequities in HNC among racial and ethnic minority populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.70374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:51:23Z","timestamp":1786967483000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural Racism and Head and Neck Cancer Risks and Outcomes: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Anne C.","family":"Kane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusha","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Oklahoma University Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Kiparizoska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mississippi Medical School Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen D.","family":"Myatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mississippi Medical School Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rowland Medical Library University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arsalan","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA"},{"name":"Myrlie Evers\u2010Williams Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2020.102624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.70006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11795549221147730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.105093"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998221077197"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.13304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30569-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.4897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"NIH\u2010Designated Populations with Health Disparities | NIMHD. 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