{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:04:14Z","timestamp":1790255054622,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether systemic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) influences recurrence outcomes in postmenopausal patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tertiary academic medical center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postmenopausal women (\u226550 years) with iSGS who underwent laser\u2010wedge excision between 2002 and 2024 were included. Patients were categorized by systemic HRT exposure (oral estrogen, progesterone, combined estrogen\u2010progesterone, or transdermal estrogen) at or before their first surgery. Overdispersion was assessed for all Poisson models; given significant overdispersion, negative binomial regression with a log\u2010offset for follow\u2010up time was used as the primary model. Surgery\u2010free intervals were analyzed using linear mixed models, and time to first recurrence using Cox regression. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), parity, oophorectomy, follow\u2010up length, surgery type, and serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSI) use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 125 patients, 96 had never used HRT (Never HRT) and 29 used HRT, including 19 actively using HRT at presentation (Current HRT), 5 past users, and 5 subsequent users. The HRT versus Never\u2010HRT recurrence rate comparison was not significant (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR]\u2009=\u20090.81, 95% CI: 0.48\u20101.37,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.422). However, Current HRT use was associated with a 53% lower adjusted recurrence rate versus Never\u2010HRT use (adjusted IRR\u2009=\u20090.47, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.89,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.0203). Surgery\u2010free intervals and time to first recurrence trended longer in Current HRT users but were not statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current HRT use at presentation was associated with significantly fewer recurrences in postmenopausal iSGS patients. These findings may inform individualized, shared decision\u2010making regarding HRT use in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.70448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:30:01Z","timestamp":1790253001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hormone Replacement Therapy and Recurrence Risk in Postmenopausal Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Awadallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Forrest W.","family":"Fearington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hawa M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Science, Division of Biostatistics Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Rutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Edell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semirra L.","family":"Bayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale C.","family":"Ekbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","article-title":"Age and menopausal status in idiopathic subglottic stenosis","author":"Awadallah 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therapy and sex hormones in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"27","author":"Lu DH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.3128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18625"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.24140"}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck 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