{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:57:23Z","timestamp":1791896243481,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residency remains highly competitive, with persistent disparities in applicant representation. This study presents a cross\u2010sectional analysis of OHNS residency and faculty demographics using 2025 program rosters, evaluating degree type (MD vs DO), geographic distribution, and leadership influence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n A cross\u2010sectional review.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n All US ACGME\u2010accredited OHNS residency programs, with data collected in 2024 to 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Demographic data were collected on OHNS faculty and residents, including post\u2010graduate year (PGY) 1 through PGY5 trainees at the time of data collection, corresponding to entry years from 2020 to 2024 across all US ACGME\u2010accredited residency programs. Data was extracted from official program websites, FREIDA, ACGME, NRMP, and social media. Programs with incomplete data, those using the military match, and non\u2010accredited sites were excluded. Descriptive statistics,\n \u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n tests, and correlation analyses were performed (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 131 programs, 125 were analyzed at the program level and 121 at the faculty level. DO residents were concentrated in Michigan (59%), Ohio (50%), and Oklahoma (50%). DO representation correlated with DO faculty (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.82,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001), DO program director (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.95,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001), and former AOA program designation (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.92,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001). A negative correlation existed between program size and DO resident (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009\u2013.4,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Despite growing diversity following the single accreditation system, disparities persist in OHNS. DO residents remain underrepresented and geographically concentrated, with representation strongly associated with osteopathic faculty presence, program leadership, and prior AOA affiliation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.70486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:41:22Z","timestamp":1791895282000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Otolaryngology Residency and Faculty Demographics Following the Single Accreditation System"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1227-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Echevarria Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine Fort Lauderdale Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0693-3154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sky","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lincoln Memorial DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Fioletova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine Fort Lauderdale Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkhum","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lincoln Memorial DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine Knoxville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siri","family":"Avirineni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine Las Cruces New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7704-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Rutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.115","article-title":"A comparison of otolaryngology residency applicants over time and to other surgical applicants","volume":"8","author":"Lin ME","year":"2024","journal-title":"OTO Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1515\/jom-2021-0088","article-title":"AOA ophthalmology and otolaryngology program closures as a model to highlight challenges of maintaining GME in high need areas","volume":"122","author":"Ahmed H","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Osteopath Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"NRMP. Results and data. Main Residency Match. 2024. Accessed August 27 2025.https:\/\/www.nrmp.org\/match-data\/2024\/06\/results-and-data-2024-main-residency-match\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"NRMP. Charting outcomes\u2122: characteristics of US DO seniors who matched to their preferred specialty. Main Residency Match. 2024. Accessed November 18 2024.https:\/\/www.nrmp.org\/match-data\/2024\/08\/charting-outcomes-characteristics-of-u-s-do-seniors-who-matched-to-their-preferred-specialty-2024-main-residency-match\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"NRMP. Charting Outcomes\u2122: Characteristics of US MD seniors who matched to their preferred specialty. Main Residency Match. 2024. Accessed November 18 2024.https:\/\/www.nrmp.org\/match-data\/2024\/08\/charting-outcomes-characteristics-of-u-s-md-seniors-who-matched-to-their-preferred-specialty-2024-main-residency-match\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","article-title":"Comparison of osteopathic (DO) and allopathic (MD) candidates matching into selected surgical subspecialties","volume":"15","author":"Brazdzionis J","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2023.11.013","article-title":"The effects of single accreditation and pass\/fail licensing exams on osteopathic medical students applying to surgical residency programs","volume":"81","author":"Panchal O","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","article-title":"Identifying attitudes toward and acceptance of osteopathic graduates in surgical residency programs in the era of single accreditation: results of the American College of Osteopathic Surgeons Medical Student Section questionnaire of program directors","volume":"14","author":"Heard MA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2021.02.006","article-title":"The impact of the ACGME\/AOA single accreditation system on osteopathic surgical specialties, residents, and DO students","volume":"78","author":"Cummings M","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.70024","article-title":"Preference signals and interview invitations: Insight into recent updates to the Oto\u2010HNS residency application process","volume":"8","author":"Duggal R","year":"2024","journal-title":"OTO Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","article-title":"Geographical distribution of osteopathic neurosurgery residents","volume":"16","author":"Ariwodo O","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"American Osteopathic Association. AOA restricted accreditation after June 30 2020.2020. Accessed August 27 2025.https:\/\/osteopathic.org\/gme\/aoa-restricted-accreditation-after-june-30-2020\/."},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2023.06.016","article-title":"Equal but separate: the slow assimilation of osteopathic surgery residents two years after the unified match","volume":"80","author":"Bello G","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"AAMC. US physician workforce data dashboard. 2024. Accessed August 27 2025.https:\/\/www.aamc.org\/data-reports\/report\/us-physician-workforce-data-dashboard."}],"container-title":["Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.70486","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ohn.70486","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ohn.70486","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:41:24Z","timestamp":1791895284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ohn.70486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ohn.70486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ohn.70486","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0194-5998","1097-6817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0194-5998","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-6817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ohn.70486"}}