{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1790163404976,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to identify dominant causative pathogens of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The secondary objective is to assess the cholesteatoma concurrence among this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective descriptive study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aural swabs of purulent otorrhoea were collected from patients with CSOM attending the otorhinolaryngology outpatient department between April 2022 and June 2023. Samples were analyzed to determine the microbiological spectrum and evaluate antimicrobial sensitivities. Patient files were reviewed to identify cases with cholesteatoma. The study population size of 169 enabled representative results for a confidence interval of 90%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were divided into 2 age categories: children (0\u201012 years) and adults (&gt;12 years). Adults represented the majority of cases (76.9%) and females (58.6%) were affected more than males. Fungal isolates, <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species and <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> species, were the most common (20.8%). This was followed by <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (12.4%) and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (11.8%). 3.6% of cases cultured <jats:italic>Mycobacterial tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> which was high compared to global estimates. Susceptibility patterns showed 94.3% sensitivity of fungal cultures to fluconazole. <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was 100% susceptible to piperacillin\u2010tazobactam and cefepime, but only 76.2% sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Cholesteatoma concurrence was identified in 17.8%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CSOM remains a public health challenge. This study highlights the need to consider fungal etiology in instances where standard antibiotic treatments prove ineffective. Given the variety of cultured organisms and their susceptibility patterns, incorporating culture\u2010directed therapy should be considered standard practice for chronic otorrhoea patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T07:28:07Z","timestamp":1710401287000},"page":"90-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: A Prospective Descriptive Study of the Microbiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4670-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessa K.","family":"Suttle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital (PEPH) Port Elizabeth South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4558-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Els","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Department Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital (PEPH) Port Elizabeth South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2159-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Toman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9511-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9447-4833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rheese","family":"McNab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5873-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Sizemore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5203-6661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Van Cleve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4673-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard A.","family":"Brombacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Livingstone Tertiary Hospital Complex Port Elizabeth Port Elizabeth South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"LeviJ O'ReillyRC. 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