{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:25:16Z","timestamp":1769271916838,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services \u201cOpenPayments\u201d database tracks industry payments to US physicians to improve research conflicts of interest (COIs) transparency, but manual cross\u2010checking of articles' authors against this database is labor\u2010intensive. This study aims to assess the potential of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT to automate COI data analysis in medical publications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>An observational study analyzing the accuracy of ChatGPT in automating the cross\u2010checking of COI disclosures in medical research articles against the OpenPayments database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Publications regarding Food and Drug Administration\u2010approved biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: omalizumab, mepolizumab, and dupilumab.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>First, ChatGPT evaluated author affiliations from PubMed to identify those based in the United States. Second, for author names matching 1 or multiple payment recipients in OpenPayments, ChatGPT undertook a comparative analysis between author affiliation and OpenPayments recipient metadata. Third, ChatGPT scrutinized full article COI statements, producing an intricate matrix of disclosures for each author against each relevant company (Sanofi, Regeneron, Genentech, Novartis, and GlaxoSmithKline). A random subset of responses was manually checked for accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 78 relevant articles and 294 unique US authors were included, leading to 980 LLM queries. Manual verification showed accuracies of 100% (200\/200; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 98.1%\u2010100%) for country analysis, 97.4% (113\/116; 95% CI: 92.7%\u201099.1%) for matching author affiliations with OpenPayments metadata, and 99.2% (1091\/1100; 95% CI: 98.5%\u201099.6%) for COI statement data extraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LLMs have robust potential to automate author\u2010company\u2010specific COI cross\u2010checking against the OpenPayments database. Our findings pave the way for streamlined, efficient, and accurate COI assessment that could be widely employed across medical research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T02:17:47Z","timestamp":1710555467000},"page":"1512-1518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["ChatGPT for Automated Cross\u2010Checking of Authors' Conflicts of Interest Against Industry Payments"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"170","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1985-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Conrad","family":"Safranek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,\u00a0Division of Otolaryngology Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,\u00a0Division of Otolaryngology Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhys","family":"Richmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,\u00a0Division of Otolaryngology Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trinithas","family":"Boyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,\u00a0Division of Otolaryngology Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Rimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,\u00a0Division of Otolaryngology Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Peter","family":"Manes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,\u00a0Division of Otolaryngology Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.17593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.3738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.14217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02448-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11060887"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11202776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"Entrez Programming Utilities Help","author":"Sayers E","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Open Payments dataset downloads. CMS.\u00a02024. Accessed November 19 2023.https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/priorities\/key\u2010initiatives\/open\u2010payments\/data\/dataset\u2010downloads"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"OpenAI. API reference guide\u2014OpenAI platform.\u00a02024. 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