{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:38:48Z","timestamp":1783039128363,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine if absorbable gelatin sponge (AGS) can be used to assess the posttympanoplasty microbiome and otic antibiotic exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients undergoing tympanoplasty were prospectively enrolled. Intraoperatively, AGS was applied to the medial ear canal\/tympanic membrane (TM) for 1\u2009minute after canal incision, then saved for analysis. Ear canals were packed with AGS at the end of surgery. Otic ofloxacin was administered until the first postoperative visit, when AGS was collected. Microbial presence was assessed by culture. Ofloxacin levels were assessed by liquid\u2010chromatography mass\u2010spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010three patients were included. AGS was collected in 92.9% of patients seen within 21 days compared to 70.8% of those seen at 22 to 35 days. At surgery, AGS yielded bacteria and fungi in 81% and 11%, respectively, including <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> species (55%) and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> species (25%). Postoperatively, AGS yielded bacteria in 71% and fungi in 21% at the meatus, (staphylococci 57% and pseudomonas 25%). TM samples yielded bacteria in 69%, fungi in 6%, staphylococci in 53%, and pseudomonas in 19%. Ofloxacin concentration at the meatus was 248\u2009\u03bcg\/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 119\u2010377) and at the TM was 126\u2009\u03bcg\/mL (95% CI: 58\u2010194). Ofloxacin\u2010resistant colonies were found in 75% of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of AGS is a viable technique for noninvasively studying healing metrics posttympanoplasty, including the microbiome and otic antibiotic exposure. Despite exposure to a high concentration of quinolones, the tympanoplasty wound is far from sterile, which may impact healing outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T05:20:24Z","timestamp":1711430424000},"page":"400-407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microbiome and Otic Quinolone Levels Following Tympanoplasty Assessed by Gelatin Sponge Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0461-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunima","family":"Vijay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0203-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn 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