{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:48:40Z","timestamp":1788274120974,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Otolaryngol.--head neck surg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare patterns of obstruction in infants and toddlers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by analyzing drug\u2010induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) examinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective chart review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An academic tertiary care pediatric hospital at a single institution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children aged \u22643 years who underwent DISE with propofol titration from 2020 to 2022 were included in the study. Data extracted included age, body mass index, comorbidities, and polysomnography parameters. The sites of anatomic obstruction during DISE were recorded using a validated 10\u2010site scoring system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 86 children underwent DISE, including 15 infants (&lt;1\u00a0year) and 71 toddlers (&gt;1\u22643\u00a0years). Sixty\u2010two percent were male and 37% were female. The mean age of the infant group was 9.6 months (95% confidence interval\u00a0[CI]: 7.92, 11.28 months), and the mean age of the toddler group was 2.3\u00a0years (95% CI: 2.06, 2.50\u00a0years). The mean total number of sites of obstruction was not significantly different between infants (N\u2009=\u20092.5) and toddlers (N\u2009=\u20093.2,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.086). The most common subsite of significant obstruction in both infants and toddlers was the aryepiglottic folds (46.7% and 36.8%, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.578). The sites of obstruction and frequency of their occurrence were not significantly different between the 2\u00a0groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multisite airway obstruction is common among children with OSA, especially at the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and tongue base. There is no difference in sites of obstruction and their frequency between toddlers and infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T09:03:31Z","timestamp":1715591011000},"page":"888-893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Comparison of Drug\u2010Induced Sleep Endoscopy Findings in Infants and Toddlers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison C.","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Jacobs School Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo New York 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele M.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Jacobs School Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108-1455CI"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Manual of Emergency Airway Management","author":"Walls 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