{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:39:36Z","timestamp":1792201176762,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 10% to 15% of breast cancers in the United States, 80% of which are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, with an unusual metastatic pattern of spread to sites such as the serosa, meninges, and ovaries, among others. Lobular cancer presents significant challenges in detection and clinical management given its multifocality and multicentricity at presentation. Despite the unique features of ILC, it is often lumped with hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal cancers (IDC); consequently, ILC screening, treatment, and follow-up strategies are largely based on data from IDC. Despite both being treated as ER-positive breast cancer, querying the Cancer Genome Atlas database shows distinctive molecular aberrations in ILC compared with IDC, such as E-cadherin loss (66% vs. 3%), FOXA1 mutations (7% vs. 2%), and GATA3 mutations (5% vs. 20%). Moreover, compared with patients with IDC, patients with ILC are less likely to undergo breast-conserving surgery, with lower rates of complete response following therapy as these tumors are less chemosensitive. Taken together, this suggests that ILC is biologically distinct, which may influence tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies. Long-term survival and clinical outcomes in patients with ILC are worse than in stage- and grade-matched patients with IDC; therefore, nuanced criteria are needed to better define treatment goals and protocols tailored to ILC's unique biology. This comprehensive review highlights the histologic and clinicopathologic features that distinguish ILC from IDC, with an in-depth discussion of ILC's molecular alterations and biomarkers, clinical trials and treatment strategies, and future targets for therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Implications for Practice<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The majority of invasive lobular breast cancers (ILCs) are hormone receptor (HR)-positive and low grade. Clinically, ILC is treated similar to HR-positive invasive ductal cancer (IDC). However, ILC differs distinctly from IDC in its clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular alterations. ILC also differs in response to systemic therapy, with studies showing ILC as less sensitive to chemotherapy. Patients with ILC have worse clinical outcomes with late recurrences. Despite these differences, clinical trials treat HR-positive breast cancers as a single disease, and there is an unmet need for studies addressing the unique challenges faced by patients diagnosed with ILC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T06:14:37Z","timestamp":1614492877000},"page":"e943-e953","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Features of Invasive Lobular Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Pramod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Nigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Basree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pikeville Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pikeville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Resham","family":"Mawalkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toledo - Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Shinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Tozbikian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarmila","family":"Majumder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhuvaneswari","family":"Ramaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21583","article-title":"Breast cancer statistics, 2019","volume":"69","author":"DeSantis","year":"2019","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-015-0519-x","article-title":"Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: Morphology, biomarkers and 'omics","volume":"17","author":"McCart Reed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0004","volume-title":"incidence data, 1975\u20132017. Avilable at","author":"SEER"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.11.1421","article-title":"Trends in incidence rates of invasive lobular and ductal breast carcinoma","volume":"289","author":"Li","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.5121","article-title":"Changes in invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ rates in relation to the decline in hormone therapy use","volume":"28","author":"Farhat","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74287","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19396","article-title":"Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of invasive lobular carcinoma in different races","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R149","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr767","article-title":"Infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: Tumor characteristics and clinical outcome","volume":"6","author":"Arpino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.10.009","article-title":"Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: Response to hormonal therapy and outcomes","volume":"44","author":"Rakha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602787","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of different histologic types of breast cancer","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199001000-00002","article-title":"Prognosis in infiltrating lobular carcinoma. An analysis of \"classical\" and variant tumors","volume":"14","author":"DiCostanzo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0012","first-page":"234","article-title":"Multicentricity and bilaterality in invasive breast carcinoma","volume":"91","author":"Lesser","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12080","article-title":"Mammographic and ultrasound features of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast","volume":"58","author":"Porter","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6652","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1164","article-title":"FGFR1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target for lobular breast carcinomas","volume":"12","author":"Reis-Filho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.185.3.1438749","article-title":"Mammographic features of 455 invasive lobular carcinomas","volume":"185","author":"Le Gal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000213386.63160.3f","article-title":"Lobular versus ductal breast neoplasms: The diagnostic utility of p120 catenin","volume":"31","author":"Dabbs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-015-3336-0","article-title":"Frequent alterations of HER2 through mutation, amplification, or overexpression in pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast","volume":"150","author":"Lien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0018","first-page":"637","article-title":"Metastatic patterns of invasive lobular versus invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast","volume":"114","author":"Borst","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2005.03.030","article-title":"Breast cancer: Presentation and intervention in women with gastrointestinal metastasis and carcinomatosis","volume":"12","author":"McLemore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02359.x","article-title":"Tissue-specific N-glycosylation, site-specific oligosaccharide patterns and lentil lectin recognition of rat Thy-1","volume":"6","author":"Parekh","year":"1987","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0021","article-title":"Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast with extracellular mucin: Case report of a new variant of lobular carcinoma of the breast","volume":"2018","author":"Boukhechba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep Pathol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4137\/CPath.S31563","article-title":"Diversity of breast carcinoma: Histological subtypes and clinical relevance","volume":"8","author":"Makki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Pathol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2019.03.002","article-title":"Invasive lobular breast cancer: A review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and future directions of early stage disease","volume":"46","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12572","article-title":"Invasive lobular breast cancer: The prognostic impact of histopathological grade, E-cadherin and molecular subtypes","volume":"66","author":"Engstr\u00f8m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2217\/14796694.5.2.233","article-title":"Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast: Molecular pathology and clinical impact","volume":"5","author":"Vargas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2015.01.005","article-title":"Clinical outcome in pleomorphic lobular carcinoma: A case-control study with comparison to classic invasive lobular carcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Narendra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.197","article-title":"Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast: Is it a prognostically significant pathological subtype independent of histological grade?","volume":"26","author":"Rakha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2358","article-title":"Molecular profiling pleomorphic lobular carcinomas of the breast: Evidence for a common molecular genetic pathway with classic lobular carcinomas","volume":"215","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0029","first-page":"245","article-title":"Signet-ring cell variant of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases","volume":"118","author":"Eltorky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0030","first-page":"2609","article-title":"Histiocytoid breast carcinoma: A case report showing immunohistochemical profiles","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(95)80212-5","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of the human invasion suppressor gene E-cadherin (CDH1)","volume":"26","author":"Berx","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2867-3-17","article-title":"Tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin and its role in normal and malignant cells","volume":"3","author":"Pe\u0107ina-Slaus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11930","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1103345108","article-title":"E-cadherin mediates contact inhibition of proliferation through Hippo signaling-pathway components","volume":"108","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2008.316","article-title":"Roles of TGFbeta in metastasis","volume":"19","author":"Padua","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600136","article-title":"E-cadherin-mediated adhesion inhibits ligand-dependent activation of diverse receptor tyrosine kinases","volume":"23","author":"Qian","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201501025","article-title":"Adhesion to fibronectin regulates Hippo signaling via the FAK-Src-PI3K pathway","volume":"210","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.09.033","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular portraits of invasive lobular breast cancer","volume":"163","author":"Ciriello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095","article-title":"The cBio cancer genomics portal: An open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data","volume":"2","author":"Cerami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0039","volume-title":"Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal. Sci Signal","author":"Gao","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11412","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours","volume":"490","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Network","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.523","article-title":"E-cadherin inactivation in lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast: An early event in tumorigenesis","volume":"76","author":"Vos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207439","article-title":"Cytoplasmic localization of p120ctn and E-cadherin loss characterize lobular breast carcinoma from preinvasive to metastatic lesions","volume":"23","author":"Sarri\u00f3","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394311-8.00018-2","article-title":"Anastasiadis PZ. p120 catenin: An essential regulator of cadherin stability, adhesion-induced signaling, and cancer progression","volume":"116","author":"Kourtidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41695","article-title":"Cytosolic p120-catenin regulates growth of metastatic lobular carcinoma through Rock1-mediated anoikis resistance","volume":"121","author":"Schackmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0045","first-page":"373","article-title":"Nuclear p120-catenin regulates the anoikis resistance of mouse lobular breast cancer cells through Kaiso-dependent Wnt11 expression","volume":"8","author":"Ven","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2005.005","article-title":"Differentiation of tumours of ductal and lobular origin: I. Proteomics of invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas","volume":"149","author":"Turashvili","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.06.011","article-title":"Frequent amplifications of ESR1, ERBB2 and MDM4 in primary invasive lobular breast carcinoma","volume":"461","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.22716","article-title":"ERBB2 mutation frequency in lobular breast cancer with pleomorphic histology or high-risk characteristics by molecular expression profiling","volume":"58","author":"Christgen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0295","article-title":"Relapsed classic E-cadherin (CDH1)-mutated invasive lobular breast cancer shows a high frequency of HER2 (ERBB2) gene mutations","volume":"19","author":"Ross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73337","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11819","article-title":"ERBB2 mutations associated with solid variant of high-grade invasive lobular breast carcinomas","volume":"7","author":"Deniziaut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv496","article-title":"A clinical case of invasive lobular breast carcinoma with ERBB2 and CDH1 mutations presenting a dramatic response to anti-HER2-directed therapy","volume":"27","author":"Grellety","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8908","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2669","article-title":"ERRgamma mediates tamoxifen resistance in novel models of invasive lobular breast cancer","volume":"68","author":"Riggins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.23.1926","article-title":"Oxidative stress and AP-1 activity in tamoxifen-resistant breast tumors in vivo","volume":"92","author":"Schiff","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-59","article-title":"Enhanced NF kappa B and AP-1 transcriptional activity associated with antiestrogen resistant breast cancer","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.09.024","article-title":"Integrated molecular analysis of Tamoxifen-resistant invasive lobular breast cancer cells identifies MAPK and GRM\/mGluR signaling as therapeutic vulnerabilities","volume":"471","author":"Stires","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-018-1041-8","article-title":"Key regulators of lipid metabolism drive endocrine resistance in invasive lobular breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-016-0748-7","article-title":"WNT4 mediates estrogen receptor signaling and endocrine resistance in invasive lobular carcinoma cell lines","volume":"18","author":"Sikora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6600","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1612835113","article-title":"FOXA1 overexpression mediates endocrine resistance by altering the ER transcriptome and IL-8 expression in ER-positive breast cancer","volume":"113","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.02.036","article-title":"Comprehensive genomic analysis reveals that the pioneering function of FOXA1 is independent of hormonal signaling","volume":"26","author":"Glont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10730","article-title":"Differential oestrogen receptor binding is associated with clinical outcome in breast cancer","volume":"481","author":"Ross-Innes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-016-9637-x","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR: Role in breast cancer progression, drug resistance, and treatment","volume":"35","author":"Guerrero-Zotano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2018.28","article-title":"Targeting the PI3K pathway in cancer: Are we making headway?","volume":"15","author":"Janku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2018.05.001","article-title":"Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2020.1724049","article-title":"Response of metastatic mouse invasive lobular carcinoma to mTOR inhibition is partly mediated by the adaptive immune system","volume":"9","author":"Klarenbeek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-019-0114-x","article-title":"FGFR4 overexpression and hotspot mutations in metastatic ER+ breast cancer are enriched in the lobular subtype","volume":"5","author":"Levine","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0066","article-title":"Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: A special histological type compared with invasive ductal carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00037","article-title":"In vitro models of breast cancer metastatic dormancy","volume":"8","author":"Montagner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1701830","article-title":"20-year risks of breast-cancer recurrence after stopping endocrine therapy at 5\u2009years","volume":"377","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0069","first-page":"7205","article-title":"Invasive lobular and ductal breast carcinoma differ in immune response","volume":"8","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"protein translation efficiency and metabolism. Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071718","article-title":"The distribution of circulating tumor cells is different in metastatic lobular compared to ductal carcinoma of the breast-long-term prognostic significance","volume":"9","author":"Narbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3910","article-title":"Metastasis prevention by targeting the dormant niche","volume":"15","author":"Ghajar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.09.013","article-title":"Somatic inactivation of E-cadherin and p53 in mice leads to metastatic lobular mammary carcinoma through induction of anoikis resistance and angiogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Derksen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(02)00090-4","article-title":"E-cadherin is a survival factor for the lactating mouse mammary gland","volume":"115","author":"Boussadia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R104","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3046","article-title":"Replacement of E-cadherin by N-cadherin in the mammary gland leads to fibrocystic changes and tumor formation","volume":"13","author":"Kotb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.006395","article-title":"Mammary-specific inactivation of E-cadherin and p53 impairs functional gland development and leads to pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma in mice","volume":"4","author":"Derksen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.07.059","article-title":"PTEN loss in E-cadherin-deficient mouse mammary epithelial cells rescues apoptosis and results in development of classical invasive lobular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Boelens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.09.056","article-title":"Cdh1 and Pik3ca mutations cooperate to induce immune-related invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast","volume":"25","author":"An","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.279190.116","article-title":"Modeling invasive lobular breast carcinoma by CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated somatic genome editing of the mammary gland","volume":"30","author":"Annunziato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2011.06.005","article-title":"Comparison of mastectomy with breast-conserving surgery in invasive lobular carcinoma: 15-year results","volume":"16","author":"Fodor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-0953-z","article-title":"Invasive lobular vs. ductal breast cancer: A stage-matched comparison of outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Wasif","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2018.10.010","article-title":"Long-term survival differences between T1-2 invasive lobular breast cancer and corresponding ductal carcinoma after breast-conserving surgery: A propensity-scored matched longitudinal cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2017.07.005","article-title":"Lobular breast cancer: Different disease, different algorithms?","volume":"27","author":"Mamtani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-019-0125-7","article-title":"Success rates of re-excision after positive margins for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast","volume":"5","author":"Piper","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2016.05.002","article-title":"Lobular breast cancer: Clinical, molecular and morphological characteristics","volume":"212","author":"Christgen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2008.01.015","article-title":"Breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant therapy for large primary breast cancer","volume":"34","author":"Tiezzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2014.06.004","article-title":"Current and future role of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Untch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl114","article-title":"Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in lobular and ductal breast carcinomas: A retrospective study on 860 patients from one institution","volume":"17","author":"Tubiana-Hulin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-011-1735-4","article-title":"Invasive lobular carcinoma: Response to neoadjuvant letrozole therapy","volume":"130","author":"Dixon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0089"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66544-0","article-title":"Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: An overview of the randomised trials","volume":"365","author":"Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12445","article-title":"Is there a role for oncotype Dx testing in invasive lobular carcinoma?","volume":"21","author":"Conlon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4355-9","article-title":"Impact of the 21-gene recurrence score on outcome in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast","volume":"165","author":"Kizy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2015.08.001","article-title":"Utility of oncotype DX risk assessment in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2020.01.013","article-title":"Population-based study of Prosigna-PAM50 and outcome among postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive and HER2-negative operable invasive lobular or ductal breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"L\u00e6nkholm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2859","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds180","article-title":"Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in postmenopausal patients with invasive ductal versus lobular breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Truin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61074-1","article-title":"Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: Patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials","volume":"386","author":"Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60993-8","article-title":"Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: Patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"378","author":"Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.60.8133","article-title":"Relative effectiveness of letrozole compared with tamoxifen for patients with lobular carcinoma in the BIG 1-98 trial","volume":"33","author":"Metzger Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.11.014","article-title":"Outcomes in women with invasive ductal or invasive lobular early stage breast cancer treated with anastrozole or exemestane in CCTG (NCIC CTG) MA.27","volume":"90","author":"Strasser-Weippl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-019-0113-y","article-title":"LobSig is a multigene predictor of outcome in invasive lobular carcinoma","volume":"5","author":"McCart Reed","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Breast Cancer"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0603","article-title":"E-cadherin\/ROS1 inhibitor synthetic lethality in breast cancer","volume":"8","author":"Bajrami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.01624","article-title":"Randomized phase II study evaluating palbociclib in addition to letrozole as neoadjuvant therapy in estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer: PALLET trial","volume":"37","author":"Johnston","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18517","article-title":"Integration of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data identifies two biologically distinct subtypes of invasive lobular breast cancer","volume":"6","author":"Michaut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1053\/ejso.2002.1423","article-title":"Is invasive lobular carcinoma different from invasive ductal carcinoma?","volume":"29","author":"Mersin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0105"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2009.00833.x","article-title":"The Yale University experience of early-stage invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) treated with breast conservation treatment (BCT): Analysis of clinical-pathologic features, long-term outcomes, and molecular expression of COX-2, Bcl-2, and p53 as a function of histology","volume":"15","author":"Moran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0107"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0108"},{"key":"2022020821443875300_onco13734-bib-0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2808","article-title":"The molecular pathology of breast cancer progression","volume":"223","author":"Bombonati","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pathol"}],"container-title":["The Oncologist"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/onco.13734","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/onco.13734","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/26\/6\/e943\/42375747\/oncolo_26_6_e943.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article-pdf\/26\/6\/e943\/42375747\/oncolo_26_6_e943.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T21:54:41Z","timestamp":1644357281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/oncolo\/article\/26\/6\/e943\/6520963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/onco.13734","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-7159","1549-490X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-7159","type":"print"},{"value":"1549-490X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]}}}