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Thiamine is also implicated in several human diseases including Alzheimer's, diabetes, dementia, depression and, most notably, Wernicke\u2013Korsakoff syndrome and Beriberi disease. Yet, highly sensitive and specific detection of thiamine remains an analytical challenge, as pM to n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> levels of thiamine need to be detected in environmental and human samples, respectively, various phosphorylated variants need to be discriminated, and rapid on\u2010site detection would be highly desirable. Furthermore, appropriate sample preparation is mandatory, owing to the complexity of the relevant sample matrices including fish tissues, ocean water, and body fluids. This Review has two objectives. First, it provides a thorough overview of analytical techniques published for thiamine detection over the last 15 years. Second, it describes the principles of analytical approaches that are based on biorecognition and may open up new avenues for rapid and high\u2010throughput thiamine analysis. Most notably, periplasmic binding proteins, ribozymes, and aptamers are of particular interest, as they function as bioaffinity recognition elements that can fill an important assay technology gap, owing to the unavailability of thiamine\u2010specific commercial antibodies. Finally, the authors provide brief evaluations of key outcomes of the major assay concepts and suggest how innovative techniques could help develop sensitive and specific thiamine analytical test systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/open.201600160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T04:36:49Z","timestamp":1488947809000},"page":"178-191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Thiamine Assays\u2014Advances, Challenges, and Caveats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8826-7863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie A.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Cornell University  Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Tu\u2010Maung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Cornell University  Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystal","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Cornell University  Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Cornell University  Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje J.","family":"Baeumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Chemo and Biosensors University of Regensburg  Regensburg 93040 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford E.","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources Cornell University  Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","author":"Kraft C. 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