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The specific role of the amine in the direct amidation already puzzled us for a long time. In this work, we disclosed that the amine acts as both reactant and catalyst. Specifically, the determination of reaction intermediates revealed the full mechanism, based on which, the introduction of one equivalent base in the amidation is showcased here that a high yield (\u223c95\u2009%) can be afforded using only 1.1\u2005equiv. of amine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/open.202000178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T11:28:53Z","timestamp":1602070133000},"page":"996-1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unveiling the reaction process of the amine in direct amidation of aromatic ketones in H<sub>2<\/sub>O"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Fangjun","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources(Hainan University) Ministry of Education Hainan University  No. 58, Renmin AVE Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rumeng","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources(Hainan University) Ministry of Education Hainan University  No. 58, Renmin AVE Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources(Hainan University) Ministry of Education Hainan University  No. 58, Renmin AVE Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muyao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science Shandong Agricultural University  No. 61, Daizhong AVE Taian 271018 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources(Hainan University) Ministry of Education Hainan University  No. 58, Renmin AVE Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources(Hainan University) Ministry of Education Hainan University  No. 58, Renmin AVE Haikou 570228 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4226-4963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources(Hainan University) Ministry of Education Hainan University  No. 58, Renmin AVE Haikou 570228 China"},{"name":"School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology No. 579, Qianwangang Road  Qingdao 266590 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.6b01116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1SC00312G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201202703"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cc43685c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2015.03.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6GC00557H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo301117b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C2RA22116K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2gc35489f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7OB00270J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201801365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"M. 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