{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T12:44:23Z","timestamp":1762778663031,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemistryOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Transition metal nitrides (MxNy, where M\u2009=\u2009Mo, Ni, or Co) supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized and evaluated as catalysts for the conversion of levulinic acid at 250\u2009\u00b0C and 50\u2009bar H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The catalysts are extensively characterized by N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    physisorption, XRD, TEM, FT\u2013IR, H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010TPR, NH\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013TPD, 2\u2010propanol conversion, and XPS. Among the series, the Mo\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\/CNT catalyst exhibits stronger metal\u2013support interaction, smaller particle size, and more pronounced confinement within the CNT structure. This is attributed to the higher Mo\u2013N bond strength compared to Ni\u2013N and Co\u2013N, which also influence the density and strength of surface acid sites. In contrast, the Ni\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\/CNT catalyst displays the highest catalytic activity and is associated with smaller nitride particles located on the external CNT surface. The Co\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    N\/CNT catalyst shows intermediate behavior. Product selectivity is primarily governed by the presence of surface nitride and oxynitride species, rather than the specific nature of the transition metal. These findings highlight the role of metal\u2013support interactions and active phase dispersion in the design of stable, nonnoble metal catalysts for biomass\u2010derived platform molecule conversions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/open.202500291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T07:09:50Z","timestamp":1752476990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Carbon Nanotube\u2010Supported Mo, Ni, and Co Nitrides as Stable Catalysts for Levulinic Acid Conversion: Influence of Metal\u2013Nitrogen Interactions and Confinement Effects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ivet","family":"Pafian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n  Casilla 16C Concepcion 4070371 Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge 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