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This study investigated the chemical composition and biological activities of\n                    <jats:italic>Teucrium polium<\/jats:italic>\n                    essential oils and extracts, with a focus on their antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Essential oil from aerial parts (yield 1.65%) was obtained by hydrodistillation; extracts were prepared by aqueous decoction (E0) and Soxhlet (aqueous, E1; hydroethanolic, E2). HPLC\u2010UV\u2010Vis\u2010ESI\u2010MS and GC\u2013MS identified bioactives. The oil was dominated by carvacrol (28.10%), thymol (26.28%),\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010terpinene (12.11%), and o\u2010cymene (15.59%). E0 was rich in poliumoside (36.45%); E1 contained verbascoside (9.42%) and isorhamnetin\u20103\u2010O\u2010rutinoside (9.68%); E2 was dominated by apigenin\u20107\u2010rutinoside (21.18%). Antioxidant assays showed 85% DPPH inhibition at 100\u2009\u00b5gmL\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    , FRAP EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 25.4\u2009\u00b5gmL\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and 75% TAC inhibition at 100\u2009\u00b5g\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Antimicrobial activity yielded MICs of 0.5\u2009mg\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    for\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 0.3\u2009mg\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    for\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Antidiabetic assays demonstrated 65% inhibition of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010amylase and 72% inhibition of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glucosidase at 100\u2009g\u2009mL\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    . In vivo, glucose tolerance testing showed a 30% reduction in postprandial glycemia at 70\u2009mg\u2009kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    and near\u2010normal glycemia after 7 days. These findings support\n                    <jats:italic>T. polium<\/jats:italic>\n                    's traditional use for T2D and warrant further toxicological and clinical evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/open.202500346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T17:40:13Z","timestamp":1763487613000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploration of the Phytochemical and Antidiabetic Properties of\n                    <i>Teucrium polium<\/i>\n                    : A Natural Asset for Type 2 Diabetes Management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hajar","family":"El Ouadni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Team on the Toxicity and Pharmacodynamics of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (ERTP.PAM) Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory Rabat Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (FMPR) Mohammed V 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