{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:30:42Z","timestamp":1789050642634,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemistryOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Polygonum cognatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Mad\u0131mak) is a plant traditionally consumed for medicinal purposes in Turkey. Unlike previous studies examining samples from different regions and seasons, this research presents the first comprehensive characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>P. cognatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected from the Central Black Sea Region (Tokat, 40\u00b001\u203202\u2033N, 36\u00b028\u203215\u2033E; 1210\u2009m altitude) during the vegetative growth phase (June 2024), where geographical origin and collection time significantly influence secondary metabolite profiles. This study evaluates the phytochemical profile and multitarget biological activities of\n                    <jats:italic>P. cognatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts obtained using solvents of different polarities (hexane, ethanol, and water). Advanced analytical techniques (liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry, high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010diode array detector, and gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry) identified 28\u2009phenolic compounds, with the ethanol extract showing the highest diversity (24\u2009compounds) and total phenolic content (78.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u2009mg\u2009GAE\/g). Compounds identified for the first time in\n                    <jats:italic>P. cognatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    include isoquercetin\u20103\u2010O\u2010rhamnoside, apigenin\u20107\u2010O\u2010glucoside, and luteolin\u20104\u2032\u2010O\u2010glucoside. The ethanol extract demonstrated superior multitarget bioactivity: potent antioxidant activity ( 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 76.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL),\n                    <jats:bold>moderate but selective<\/jats:bold>\n                    anti\u2010inflammatory effects (COX\u20102 IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 145.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2\u2009\u03bcg\/mL; selectivity index: 2.06, indicating preferential COX\u20102 inhibition over COX\u20101) and significant antidiabetic potential (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010amylase IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 89.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL;\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010glucosidase IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 76.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), and antimicrobial activity (MIC: 62.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL against\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Notably, this study demonstrates for the first time the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity of\n                    <jats:italic>P. cognatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 92.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), revealing novel epigenetic modulation properties. Molecular docking studies showed strong correlations between binding affinities and experimental IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.87 to \u22120.91;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Cytotoxicity evaluation showed favorable safety profiles (CC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u2009500\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Docking, IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and compositional data consistently indicate that quercetin, rutin, chlorogenic acid, and kaempferol are key contributors to the observed antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti\u2010inflammatory, and HDAC inhibitory effects. These findings establish\n                    <jats:italic>P. cognatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a promising multitarget therapeutic agent with novel epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, supporting its potential development for inflammatory, metabolic, and epigenetic\u2010related disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/open.202500505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T07:39:40Z","timestamp":1770277180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Polygonum cognatum<\/i>\n                    Extract: Multitarget Anti\u2010inflammatory, Antidiabetic, and Epigenetic Modulation Properties"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4554-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhat","family":"Karaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University  Tokat Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yakup","family":"Budak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Chemistry Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University  Tokat Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif Akt\u00fcrk","family":"Bozdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokat Vocational School Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University  Tokat Turkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S173867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Increasing Use of Herbal Medicines: Problems with Adverse Reactions and Challenges in Monitoring Safety","volume":"4","author":"Ekor M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"The Role and Place of Medicinal Plants in Disease Prevention Strategies","volume":"10","author":"Sofowora A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26195956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27249053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100085-4.00012-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51470\/PLANTARCHIVES.2023.v23.no1.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Medicinal Plants","volume":"13","author":"Ganzera M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natural Product Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.07.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.1288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17113\/ftb.61.01.23.7789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"105669","article-title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, Anti\u2010Alzheimer and Anticancer Properties as Well as Bioaccessibility and Bioactive Potential of Polygonum Genus Meissn Extracts Obtained from Various Provinces of Turkey","volume":"58","author":"Erol \u00d6.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Bioscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cardioprotective Effects of Gallic Acid in Diabetes\u2010induced Myocardial Dysfunction in Rats","volume":"4","author":"Patel S. 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