{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:14:24Z","timestamp":1790100864912,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemistryOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The influence of promoters on oxygen vacancies (Ovs) within CuZn catalysts is crucial for optimizing CO hydrogenation to higher alcohols (C\n                    <jats:sub>2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    OH). The CuZn catalysts were successfully prepared with controlled Ovs concentrations via a fully liquid\u2010phase technique through the incorporation of various promoters (Cr, Al, Ga). Additional metal atoms were introduced at ZnO tetrahedral sites of Al\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010 and Ga\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010doped CuZn catalysts, facilitating the formation of Ovs within the lattice. Conversely, Cr formed a CuCr\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    bimetallic phase mixture in the Cr\u2010doped CuZn, which thwarted the promotional effect of Cr\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in the precursor and inhibited the generation of ZnO defects. Enhanced Ovs facilitated the transport of electrons from ZnO to Cu, increasing the CuZn interaction and promoting the formation of additional Cu\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Zn\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      +\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    defects. The CO dissociative intermediates (CH\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    *) were formed at Cu\n                    <jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>\n                    sites, while nondissociative intermediates (CO* and CH\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    O*) were formed at Cu\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    or Ovs sites. These intermediates then participated in C\uf8ffC coupling at Zn\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      +\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    sites and subsequent hydrogenation to form C\n                    <jats:sub>2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    OH. The Ga\u2010doped CuZn catalyst showed optimal performance, yielding 17.22% CO conversion with 60.22% ethanol and 71.90% C\n                    <jats:sub>2+<\/jats:sub>\n                    OH proportions in the alcohol products.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/open.70233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T09:11:28Z","timestamp":1779700288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Modulation of Oxygen Vacancies on Cu\/ZnO by Promoter for Higher Alcohol Synthesis From Syngas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8006-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Taiyuan Institute of Technology  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enjuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Affairs Department Taiyuan University  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7411-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Ecology of Loess Plateau College of Life Science Yan\u2019an University  Yan\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2125-7908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Taiyuan University of Technology  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2988-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Ecology of Loess Plateau College of Life Science Yan\u2019an University  Yan\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00502H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2022.107378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cs2001048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b07587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2024.07.240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2023.122949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2023.107728"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/sam.2011.1144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcat.2023.113270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200503068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c18600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2013.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b00188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.202001030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja310456f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2020.06.166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2023.05.123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2012.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2010.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CC00903D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c03091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA12905F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2014.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2022.118805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.202101848"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0364-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b02837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.152058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-020-04117-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(03)00466-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.130595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c00359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2018.12.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CY00743A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CY01395A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2022.107600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b05791"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.119262"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201710301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2022.107510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2013.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c02086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10562-021-03776-5"}],"container-title":["ChemistryOpen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/open.70233","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/open.70233","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/open.70233","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:14:30Z","timestamp":1781853270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/open.70233"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/open.70233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/open.70233","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-1363","2191-1363"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-1363","type":"print"},{"value":"2191-1363","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70233"}}