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In this work, the electrochemical performance of conductive polylactic acid (PLA)\u2010based printed sensors have been tuned by interrogating different cost classes and hardware configurations. Electrochemical behavior was investigated using cyclic voltammetry with both inner\u2010 and outer\u2010sphere redox probes, namely potassium ferricyanide (III) and hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride, to evaluate surface accessibility and electron\u2010transfer properties. Scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests were additionally performed to characterize electrode morphology and mechanical stability. Among the evaluated 3D printers, high\u2010performance systems characterized by higher automation, improved motion control, and greater extrusion stability demonstrated satisfactory outcomes. In contrast, entry\u2010level open\u2010platform systems showed lower surface utilization and reduced electrochemical performance. The results demonstrate that all printing platforms were capable of producing sensors with electrochemical functionality, comparable mechanical properties, and well\u2010defined architectures. However, despite negligible differences among PLA filaments, it is clear that printing time, automation, and hardware flexibility represent central factors in selecting the most suitable platform for next scaling of electrode manufacturing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/open.70303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:01:32Z","timestamp":1790251292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tuning the Properties of 3D\u2010Printed Electrochemical Devices by Using Different Fused Deposition Modeling Printers and Setups"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9561-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gennaro","family":"Persico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8287-059X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota M.","family":"Kalligosfyri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0500-8610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Lagreca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-9246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Ianniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta Di","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Volgare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3DnA s.r.l.  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