{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T11:29:06Z","timestamp":1789298946445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Science &amp;amp; Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In many countries, obesity treatments are not fully reimbursed by healthcare systems. People living with obesity (PwO) often pay out\u2010of\u2010pocket (OOP) for pharmacological and non\u2010pharmacological interventions, placing them in a position of financial risk to manage their condition. This study sought to understand the OOP expenditures and non\u2010financial costs incurred by PwO to manage weight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 25\u2010min cross\u2010sectional online survey was conducted with PwO between ages 18\u201360 in Italy, Japan, India, Brazil, Spain and South Korea. Respondents were recruited using proprietary vendor panels and non\u2010probability sampling. <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0600 participants completed the survey (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0100 per country).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean annual OOP expenditure related to weight loss\/management was $7,351, accounting for nearly 17% of annual household income. Costs generally increased by BMI. Half or more of the respondents agreed that obesity affected multiple aspects of their lives (outside activities, running a household, social life, work, family life, traveling). 46% agreed that obesity limited their job prospects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PwO spend a notable amount of their income paying OOP expenditures related to managing their weight. Quantifying the individual economic burden of living with obesity can inform the understanding of the resources required and policy changes needed to treat obesity as a disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T18:39:49Z","timestamp":1723660789000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The out\u2010of\u2010pocket cost of living with obesity: Results from a survey in Spain, South Korea, Brazil, India, Italy, and Japan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Karine","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S  S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evant","family":"Kont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ipsos  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Abdelkhalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ipsos  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ipsos  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Baker\u2010Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk A\/S  S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Out\u2010of\u2010Pocket Spending: Access to Care and Financial Protection","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12962\u2010021\u201000301\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Out\u2010of\u2010pocket Expenditure as a Percentage of Private Expenditure on Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Households with Out\u2010Of\u2010Pocket Payments Greater than 40% of Capacity to Pay for Health Care (Food, Housing and Utilities Approach \u2010 Developed by WHO\/Europe)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czn046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Global Spending on Health: A World in Transition [Internet]","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Fact Sheet: Obesity and Overweight[Internet].2020[cited 2022 Dec 19].https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/obesity\u2010and\u2010overweight"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102021\u2010006351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000517"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"JensenMD RyanDH ApovianCM et\u00a0al.2013 AHA\/ACC\/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.116.307591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695\u2010014\u20101537\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010021\u201000788\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14040435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Ranking (% Obesity by Country)[Internet]. [cited 2024 Jun 3].https:\/\/data.worldobesity.org\/tables\/prevalence\u2010of\u2010adult\u2010overweight\u2010obesity\u20102\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Obesity Classification [Internet].World Obesity Federation. [cited 2023 Nov 29].https:\/\/www.worldobesity.org\/about\/about\u2010obesity\/obesity\u2010classification"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102018\u2010028238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0102\u2010311x00125518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20\u20101721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization: African Region 2022 Reducing out\u2010of\u2010pocket health expenditure a panacea to universal health coverage"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"MershA.WHO: Action against Out\u2010Of\u2010Pocket Payments Must Target Most Vulnerbale[Internet];2022. [cited 2023 Nov 7].https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/health\u2010consumers\/news\/who\u2010action\u2010against\u2010out\u2010of\u2010pocket\u2010payments\u2010must\u2010target\u2010most\u2010vulnerable\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010022\u201013176\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"World Obesity Federation 2021 The economic impact of overweight & obesity in 8 countries. Summary report"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","article-title":"A review of current guidelines for the treatment of obesity","volume":"28","author":"Cornier MA","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJMC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.191707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000276992"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2020.100850"}],"container-title":["Obesity Science &amp; Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/osp4.70000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T08:57:01Z","timestamp":1724835421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/osp4.70000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/osp4.70000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/osp4.70000","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2238","2055-2238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2238","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70000"}}