{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:03:44Z","timestamp":1753869824638,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Science &amp;amp; Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>A Western diet is associated with obesity, and the link between parental and offsprings' obesity is unclear. Among mice, this study examined how parents' Western diets affect their male offspring's obesity risk. This study further explored whether early exposure to obesogenic diets from either parent influences offsprings' long\u2010term weight gain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010week\u2010old C57BL6\/NTac mice were assigned to a Western diet (WD) or control diet (CD), given from six to 14\u00a0weeks old. Adults from these dietary groups were then mated to create four breeding combinations: CD\/CD, CD\/WD, WD\/CD, and WD\/WD. Weight gain trajectories were studied in parents (P) and offspring (F1), along with gene expression in four tissues of male offspring. Non\u2010linear mixed effect modeling and q\u2010mode PCA were used to assess the influence of sex, litter size, and parental diet on gene expression, before describing gene expression in more detail.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Offsprings' weight gain was mainly influenced by sex and litter size, with no significant impact from parental diet. At the same time, gene expression differences among offspring, particularly between WD\/WD and CD\/CD offspring, were linked to genes associated with inflammation, stress response, and other obesity\u2010relevant processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obegenesic diet of two parents with obesity, rather than only one, likely alters the risks of metabolic disease in male mice even at normal weights.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T02:53:26Z","timestamp":1739847206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Normal\u2010Weight Offspring of Parents With Diet\u2010Induced Obesity Display Altered Gene Expression Profiles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-4042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Czechowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI\u2010MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI\u2010MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Dommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI\u2010MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Jais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI\u2010MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Bl\u00fcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI\u2010MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Kl\u00f6ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI\u2010MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12055"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.11.005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112556"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576\u2010021\u201000414\u2010z"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09491"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","article-title":"3Rs Missing: Animal Research Without Scientific Value Is Unethical","volume":"3","author":"Strech D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sci"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00138.2006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010019\u20100494\u2010x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12060563"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.225"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15122749"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201071592\u20109"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.12"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020331"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00023.2015"},{"volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2023","author":"R Core Team","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i03"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12967"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2014.2346248"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth456"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517\u20106161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","DOI":"10.1038\/75556"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101707"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.151"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","DOI":"10.1080\/11250008809386612"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41147"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13090974"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413639"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008\u20101585"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.185"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00077.2016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095\u2010006\u20100071\u20106"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020\u2010016\u20100959\u20109"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","DOI":"10.1016\/s1357\u20102725(00)00003\u20100"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.01.006"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050712"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","DOI":"10.2337\/db10\u20101411"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.64"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2023.103628"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101834"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03402125"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5797-9_21"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.620740"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166585"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010022\u201003399\u20108"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky964"}],"container-title":["Obesity Science &amp; Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/osp4.70058","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:03:23Z","timestamp":1741752203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/osp4.70058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/osp4.70058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/osp4.70058","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2238","2055-2238"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2055-2238"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2055-2238"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70058"}}