{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:54:29Z","timestamp":1792180469457,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Science &amp;amp; Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood and adolescent obesity, which affects nearly 1 in 5 youth in the US, presents a pressing public health concern. Obesity is linked to chronic low\u2010grade inflammation, which exacerbates comorbidities. Noninvasive tools are needed to monitor obesity\u2010related inflammation and assess weight\u2010management interventions in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the associations between Body Mass Index z\u2010score (BMIz) and salivary biomarkers: C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), cytokines interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u20108, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sample of 280 adolescents (Mage\u00a0=\u00a012.1\u00a0years, SD\u00a0=\u00a00.44) was followed for 2\u00a0years (3 time points) from 2019 to 2021. An autoregressive cross\u2010lagged path model was used to examine the prospective relationships between BMIz and salivary biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings indicated a bidirectional relationship between BMIz and salivary CRP levels, suggesting a feed\u2010forward cycle in which excessive weight gain and inflammation mutually amplify each other. Salivary cytokines were not associated with BMIz.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the utility of salivary CRP as a noninvasive biomarker for obesity\u2010related inflammation. Monitoring salivary CRP levels could aid in targeting interventions to prevent obesity\u2010related complications early in life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T11:54:11Z","timestamp":1750506851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prospective Associations Between Salivary Biomarkers of Inflammation and Body Mass Index in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keri M.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care Department of Medicine Heersink School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0537-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catheryn A.","family":"Orihuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine Heersink School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas A.","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research University of California  Irvine California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6028-6272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Retta R.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Studies School of Education and Human Sciences The University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5426-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Mrug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults and Youth: United States, 2015\u20132016","author":"Hales C. 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