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Body fat percentage measured using air displacement plethysmography is an accurate marker of body adiposity. In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, the aims were to identify distinctive body fat percentage trajectories up to 2\u00a0years postpartum in women with overweight and to investigate whether fish oil and\/or probiotic supplements, diet, gestational diabetes, or gestational weight gain influenced the body composition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women with overweight or obesity (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0439) were randomized to receive fish oil (1.9\u00a0g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22\u00a0g eicosapentaenoic acid) and\/or probiotics (\n                      <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                      HN001 and\n                      <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ssp.\n                      <jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      420, 10\n                      <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                      CFU each) in a double\u2010blind manner from early pregnancy until 6\u00a0months postpartum. Body composition (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0329) was measured using air displacement plethysmography, at three, six, 12, and 24\u00a0months postpartum. Diet in early pregnancy was evaluated using nutrient intakes, dietary patterns, and the Index of Diet Quality (IDQ) questionnaire.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three postpartum body fat percentage trajectories were identified, but none displayed a sustained decrease in adiposity. A healthy dietary pattern (adjusted OR 5.8 [95% CI 2.5\u201313.5],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and high IDQ score (adjusted OR 2.5 [95% CI 1.1\u20135.5],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.023) in early pregnancy increased the odds of a decreasing trend during the first postpartum year. The fish oil and\/or probiotic intervention did not impact the body composition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Good overall dietary quality during pregnancy may benefit the body composition of women with overweight or obesity at postpartum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT01922791, ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T06:18:46Z","timestamp":1760422726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Postpartum Body Composition in Women With Overweight: Associations With Diet During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8741-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Muhli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tero","family":"Vahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5090-0662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotta","family":"Saros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1350-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noora","family":"Houttu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Pellonper\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristiina","family":"Tertti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsi","family":"Laitinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology Unit Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku  Turku Finland"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Research Center University of Turku  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Official Statistics of Finland Perinatal Statistics. 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