{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T09:18:55Z","timestamp":1766999935651,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Science &amp;amp; Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity has been associated with worse clinical outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; Glasgow Coma Scale score between 13 and 15). Augmented inflammatory response to mTBI appears to be an important modifier of outcomes for the patients with obesity, but the contribution of comorbidity profile has yet to be analyzed. The objective of this study was to examine the association of: 1. comorbidity profile; and 2. the interaction of obesity with comorbidity profile on clinical outcomes and inflammatory blood biomarkers after mTBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were enrolled across emergency departments within 24\u00a0h of injury, with clinical outcomes and neurocognitive tests assessed at 2\u00a0weeks and 6\u00a0months post\u2010injury (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01337). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify comorbidity profiles and mixed\u2010effect models for the association of obesity and comorbidity profile on inflammatory\/clinical outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using LCA, 3 classes of comorbidities were identified: \u201ccardiovascular\u201d (high rates of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0287; 21%), \u201cinternalizing\u201d (high rates of depression\/anxiety,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0121; 9%), and \u201chealthy\u201d (0%\u20138% rate of comorbidities;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0929; 69%). \u201cHealthy\u201d had higher rates of functional recovery at 6 month (31%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) than \u201ccardiovascular\u201d and \u201cinternalizing\u201d (15%\u201326%). Within \u201chealthy,\u201d obesity was associated with higher c\u2010reactive protein levels on day 1 (ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.86;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), 2 week (ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.05;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and 6 month (ratio\u00a0=\u00a02.34;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) relative to normal BMI. Obesity was associated with higher IL\u20106 levels at 2 week (ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.36;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005) and 6 month (ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.47;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) relative to normal BMI within \u201chealthy.\u201d\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity and comorbidity profiles are associated with an inflammatory response with the potential to impact recovery; consideration of systemic health at the time of injury could improve recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:40:37Z","timestamp":1766389237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interaction of Obese Body Mass Index and Comorbidities on Inflammatory Profiles and Clinical Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK\u2010TBI Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6767-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn R.","family":"Eagle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary U.","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin 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