{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:21:38Z","timestamp":1787808098540,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK129805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK129805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Science &amp;amp; Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Goal setting is a key component in behavioral weight loss interventions. Goal setting theory emphasizes having harder goals rather than easier goals. However, few studies have experimentally manipulated goal difficulty levels in digital weight loss interventions. Further, when multiple goals are assigned, it is unclear if harder goals are effective or too overwhelming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ignite was a pilot optimization trial guided by the Multiphase Optimization Strategy. A 2\n                      <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                      factorial design was used to randomize 32 participants (U.S. adults with overweight or obesity) to either an easier or harder goal for four goal domains: calories, steps, eating windows, and Red Zone Foods (i.e., high\u2010calorie, low\u2010nutrition foods). All participants received a 10\u2010week fully digital weight loss intervention with daily self\u2010monitoring of goals, weekly lessons, action plans, and feedback. Data were collected via digital tools (daily) and surveys (baseline, 4\u2010, 10\u00a0weeks); feasibility and acceptability were assessed descriptively, while proof of concept was assessed via linear mixed models. Findings were compared to a priori benchmarks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants had a mean (SD) age of 47.7 (13.3) years and BMI of 30.1 (3.8) kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 47% racial\/ethnic minority. Feasibility and acceptability benchmarks were largely met, with high engagement, 94% retention (30\/32) at 10\u00a0weeks, and 97% recommending the program. For proof of concept, the 3%, but not 5%, weight loss benchmark was met (mean (SD) \u22123.3 (2.5) kg, or \u22124.0% (3.6%) at 10\u00a0weeks). Participants with a\n                      <jats:italic>harder<\/jats:italic>\n                      calorie goal had greater weight loss than those with an\n                      <jats:italic>easier<\/jats:italic>\n                      calorie goal (difference: \u22122.3\u00a0kg [95% CI, \u22124.1, \u22120.6\u00a0kg]). No main effects were observed for other goals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With high feasibility of study procedures, high engagement, and moderate\u2010to\u2010high acceptability, the intervention needs only minor refinements prior to proceeding to a fully powered trial testing the efficacy of easier versus harder goals for weight loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      NCT05715242. Registered on February 6, 2023\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T17:39:17Z","timestamp":1784482757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing Goal Difficulty in a Digital Weight Loss Intervention: The Ignite Pilot Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5307-4861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele L.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1921-8424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Gallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics &amp; Bioinformatics Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1822-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda B.","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2167-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phoebe C.","family":"Crosthwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"},{"name":"Department of Innovation and Emerging Technology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6214-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalisa W.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5537-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla A.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6668-2508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marily A.","family":"Oppezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4053-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa G.","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology &amp; 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