{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:21:32Z","timestamp":1787808092778,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015003","name":"ACT Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Science &amp;amp; Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enablers of successful completion and outcomes from Very Low Calorie Diets (VLCD) conducted in real\u2010life clinical settings are poorly understood. This study explored weight and metabolic changes following VLCD and identified baseline factors associated with VLCD completion, weight\u2010loss, and weight\u2010loss maintenance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients beginning VLCD between February 1, 2018 and October 31, 2020 at an Australian bariatric medicine service. Univariate analyses assessed weight, glycemic control, blood pressure, and cholesterol changes following 6 and 12\u00a0weeks of VLCD. Multivariate analyses explored factors predicting clinically significant weight\u2010loss (CWL), VLCD completion and weight\u2010loss maintenance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 90 patients who completed VLCD had statistically significant improvements in mean weight and percentage weight lost, blood pressure, glycemic and cholesterol control at 6 (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and 12\u00a0weeks (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depression symptoms were negative predictors of CWL (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Weight lost by week 6 positively predicted VLCD completion (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01); weight\u2010promoting medications negatively predicted this (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weight promoting medications may hinder VLCD completion. OSA and depression have the potential to impede weight\u2010loss from VLCD. Addressing these factors before starting VLCD may enable better adherence and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:18:37Z","timestamp":1787563117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes and Predictors of Success for Very Low Calorie Diets in an Australian Publicly Funded Bariatric Medicine Service"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8183-1992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mathews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Government Department of Health Disability and Ageing Therapeutic Goods Administration  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"Department of Bariatric Medicine Canberra Health Services  Belconnen Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7084-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statistical Support Network Australian National University  Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloise","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANU Medical School School of Science and Medicine Australian National University  Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2007-0471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Brightman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bariatric Medicine Canberra Health Services  Belconnen Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"ANU Medical School School of Science and Medicine Australian National University  Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010Chia Carol","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bariatric Medicine Canberra Health Services  Belconnen Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"ANU Medical School School of Science and Medicine Australian National University  Acton Australian Capital Territory Australia"},{"name":"Respiratory and Sleep Medicine The Canberra Hospital  Garran Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Overweight and Obesity","author":"AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare)","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Health System Spending on Disease and Injury in Australia 2023\u201324","author":"AIHW (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare)","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"The Australian Burden of Disease Study","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, Adolescents and Children in Australia","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6608"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12366"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"Nestle Health Science Optifast Very Low Calorie Diet Treatment Protocol Version 22020 https:\/\/www.optifast.com.au\/sites\/g\/files\/lpfasj1231\/files\/2021\u201007\/NESBD2409%20Optifast%20Clinical%20Treatment%20Protocol%20V2_FA_WEB.PDF."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747\u20100080.2012.01628.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114512001924"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12949"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20120223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12229"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29011\/2577\u20102244.100040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856220953713"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2018.11.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13176"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"Nestle Health Science \u201cManaging Obesity With the OPTIFAST VLCD Program for People With Complex Cases \u201d2020 https:\/\/www.optifast.com.au\/sites\/g\/files\/lpfasj1231\/files\/2021\u201007\/NESBD2411%20Optifast%20Management%20of%20Complex%20Cases%20V2_FA_WEB.PDF."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","volume-title":"Drugs That Affect Body Weight, Body Fat Distribution, and Metabolism","author":"Verhaegen A. A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.20.2408"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.1.h234"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010141\u201011\u2010200412070\u201000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.3.6484"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26574"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325\u2010021\u201002455\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2024.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad572"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723003586"}],"container-title":["Obesity Science &amp; Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/osp4.70186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/osp4.70186","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/osp4.70186","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:05:15Z","timestamp":1787807115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/osp4.70186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/osp4.70186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/osp4.70186","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2238","2055-2238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2238","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70186"}}