{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:57:21Z","timestamp":1790845041012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007270","name":"University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obesity Science &amp;amp; Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs) are dominating the type 2 diabetes and obesity intervention landscape, yet their real\u2010world use is increasingly difficult to characterize amid widespread availability of non\u2013FDA\u2010approved, compounded products obtained outside traditional healthcare systems. These users may not be captured by the clinical and claims databases commonly used in real\u2010world GLP\u20101RA research. Online surveys offer a scalable alternative for reaching this population; however, existing survey studies depend on self\u2010reported medication use, the reliability of which has not been well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An online study was conducted among U.S. adults recruited via Prolific who reported\u00a0\u2265\u00a03\u00a0months use of once\u2010weekly injectable semaglutide or tirzepatide. Participants completed a screening survey requiring a photo of the prescribed GLP\u20101RA, followed by a main survey for eligible participants assessing self\u2010reported GLP\u20101RA type and sociodemographic and health characteristics. Two blinded, independent coders classified photos as one of four FDA\u2010approved branded formulations or a compounded product; discrepancies were resolved by the second author. Agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 419 screening survey participants, 322 participants comprised the analytic sample; 22 of the total exclusions were based on medication photo review. Self\u2010reported and photo\u2010coded medication types showed substantial agreement (82.61%; Cohen's\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.78, 95% CI [0.73, 0.83]). Photo review classified 83 participants (25.78%) as using compounded GLP\u20101RAs; among these, 54 (65.06%) self\u2010reported using one of the four branded GLP\u20101RAs and 29 (34.94%) selected a \u201cnone of the above\u201d response option, operationalized as compounded use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated that photo review may be a feasible method for improving medication classification in research and offered recommendations for future studies. Additional work is needed to evaluate this protocol in larger and more diverse samples and to refine formulation\u2010specific self\u2010report items.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:10:11Z","timestamp":1790061011000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improving Medication Classification in GLP\u20101RA Research: Feasibility of a Photo\u2010Review Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-5286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Katz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3843-5731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Gearhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-0299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina H.","family":"Griauzde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Medical School  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci24\u20100091"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration \u201cFDA Clarifies Policies for Compounders as National GLP\u20101 Supply Begins to Stabilize \u201d (2026) [WWW document] https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug\u2010alerts\u2010and\u2010statements\/fda\u2010clarifies\u2010policies\u2010compounders\u2010national\u2010glp\u20101\u2010supply\u2010begins\u2010stabilize."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration \u201cFDA\u2019s Concerns With Unapproved GLP\u20101 Drugs Used for Weight Loss \u201d (2026) [WWW document] https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/drug\u2010alerts\u2010and\u2010statements\/fdas\u2010concerns\u2010unapproved\u2010glp\u20101\u2010drugs\u2010used\u2010weight\u2010loss."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70227"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.2071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.Bozick S. D.Donofry andK. M.Ranca\u00f1o \u201cNew Weight Loss Drugs: GLP\u20101 Agonist Use and Side Effects in the United States \u201d (2025) [WWW document] https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/research_reports\/RRA4153\u20101.html.","DOI":"10.7249\/rhq-13-01-03"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2025.105507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Griffiths O. M.Shannon M.Spreckley et\u00a0al. \u201cExploring Real\u2010World User Experiences of GLP\u20101 Receptor Agonist Therapy for Obesity Treatment and Barriers and Motivators to Adherence \u201d medRxiv (2025) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2025.12.11.25342052.","DOI":"10.64898\/2025.12.11.25342052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010025\u201004528\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1566498"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"A.Montero A.Kearney M.Mulugeta A.Kirzinger andL.Hamel KFF Health Tracking Poll: Prescription Drug Costs Views on Trump Administration Actions(2025) GLP\u20101 use [WWW document] https:\/\/www.kff.org\/public\u2010opinion\/kff\u2010health\u2010tracking\u2010poll\u2010prescription\u2010drug\u2010costs\u2010views\u2010on\u2010trump\u2010administration\u2010actions\u2010and\u2010glp\u20101\u2010use\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010024\u201001708\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010026\u201010330\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279720"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278\u20106133.19.6.586"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Google for Developers reCAPTCHA v3[WWW document] https:\/\/developers.google.com\/recaptcha\/docs\/v3."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/16.3.278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105271"}],"container-title":["Obesity Science &amp; Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/osp4.70200","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/osp4.70200","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/osp4.70200","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:09:46Z","timestamp":1790842186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/osp4.70200"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/osp4.70200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/osp4.70200","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-2238","2055-2238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-2238","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-2238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70200"}}