{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:52:02Z","timestamp":1786978322215,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a new low\u2010cost otolaryngology simulation training curriculum for medical students in Rwanda. Given the limited access to hands\u2010on training and equipment in low\u2010middle\u2010income countries, building confidence in performing basic otolaryngology skills is vital for all medical students, especially where all graduates initially serve in primary care before specializing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preintervention and postintervention assessments of simulation training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conducted at the University of Global Health Equity in Rwanda.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The simulation program comprised 3 primary components: (1) a low\u2010cost, moderate\u2010fidelity model for cricothyrotomy and tracheostomy practice, (2) a low\u2010cost, low\u2010fidelity ear model for foreign body and cerumen removal, and a high\u2010fidelity manikin for practicing, (3) epistaxis management, and (4) nasal foreign body removal. Students underwent pretest and posttest assessments measuring their knowledge, experience, perceived skill, and confidence in performing these procedures. A survey collected feedback on the program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 29 medical students participated in the simulation program, integrated into a 1\u2010week otolaryngology \u201cboot camp\u201d preceding a 3\u2010week clerkship rotation. All models were created using basic, locally available materials, at a total cost of $1.02 for cricothyrotomy and $0.20 for foreign body models. Knowledge and perceived confidence increased for all 3 simulations. All students found the simulations useful, enjoyable, and anticipated using these skills in future training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study's results demonstrated that the low\u2010cost otolaryngology simulation was well\u2010received and enhanced knowledge, interest, and confidence in performing basic otolaryngology skills across all simulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T04:30:23Z","timestamp":1729744223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Otolaryngology Simulation Curriculum Development and Evaluation for Medical Education in Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-6874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Nuss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Boston USA"},{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Wittenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Salano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nyahururu County Hospital Nyahururu Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivy","family":"Maina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Penn Medicine Philadelphia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gratien","family":"Tuyishimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery\/MBC Hospital Kigali Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Jue Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California San Francisco; National Clinician Scholars Program San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Masimbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Global Health Equity Butaro Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natnael","family":"Shimelash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine University of Global Health Equity Butaro Rwanda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","article-title":"The global otolaryngology\u2010head and neck surgery workforce","volume":"31","author":"Petrucci B","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.05.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2015.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.03398.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2008.01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-023-01898-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215121000839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.XCS.0000894856.54724.c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","article-title":"Delphi method consensus on priority global otolaryngology\u2013head and neck surgery conditions and procedures","volume":"25","author":"Nuss S","year":"2022","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05466-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).Primary Ear and Hearing Care Manual. World Health Organization.2023.https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/noncommunicable-diseases\/sensory-functions-disability-and-rehabilitation\/primary-ear-and-hearing-care-training-manual"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"2023","volume-title":"Redesigning Continuing Education in the Health Professions","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Planning a Continuing Health Professional Education Institute","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/jecme.v4.27411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-1237(12)60040-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/meo.v17i0.17350"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Community ENT Health Promotion: Concepts and Perspectives in Mali","volume":"6","author":"Baba SH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Res J Pharm Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.06.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70328-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-13-00255"}],"container-title":["OTO Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/oto2.155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:35:41Z","timestamp":1760956541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/oto2.155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/oto2.155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oto2.155","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-974X","2473-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e155"}}