{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:40:56Z","timestamp":1792600856947,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":68,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and utility of a novel, open\u2010source 3D printed simulator for practicing laryngeal surgery skills in the clinic setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Device development and validation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A tertiary medical center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A laryngeal surgery simulator was created using computer\u2010aided design software and 3D printed. Ten otolaryngology residents completed exercises utilizing the simulator and a flexible video laryngoscope for visualization. The training involved 3 microsurgery tasks: (1) suture removal from simulated vocal cords, (2) removal of silicone vocal cord polyps, and (3) simulated flap creation by peeling a grape's skin. Participant demographics, task completion time, and video recordings were collected. Participants provided subjective feedback through 5\u2010point Likert\u2010style questions assessing content and face validity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both novice and experienced otolaryngology resident physicians reported positive perceptions of the simulator and its efficacy as an educational device, with average agreement more than neutral (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Participants praised the simulator's utility for practicing microsurgery skills using a flexible video laryngoscope and for handling instruments such as Kleinsasser forceps and micro scissors (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Preliminary findings suggest improvements in task completion time with higher post\u2010graduate year. Participants also reported the need for greater realism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study of a 3D\u2010printed simulator for laryngeal surgery skills using a flexible video laryngoscope demonstrated promising utility as an educational device. Positive feedback reflects the potential value as a training tool for residents to practice fine motor skills required for laryngeal surgery. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to validate these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.70098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T03:56:57Z","timestamp":1741751817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Feasibility and Evaluation of a Novel Open\u2010Source 3D Printed Simulator for Microlaryngeal Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9974-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Balu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hemali P.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar","family":"Vasandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8509-1455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazaneen","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811430187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812459703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2019.00556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815590118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2021.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2020.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419876290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-003-0035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231221899","article-title":"3D Printing in a hospital: centralized clinical implementation and applications for comprehensive care","volume":"9","author":"Hellman S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21467\/jmsm.5.1.1-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-016-1455-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590500046924"}],"container-title":["OTO Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/oto2.70098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:28:22Z","timestamp":1760952502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/oto2.70098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/oto2.70098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oto2.70098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-974X","2473-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70098"}}