{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:43:01Z","timestamp":1793047381674,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To better understand the prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies of pregnancy\u2010related rhinologic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study from January 2013 to January 2023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tertiary level Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant patients with rhinologic concerns were included. Data were collected on various parameters including age during pregnancy, gestational age at evaluation for rhinologic complication, obstetric history, history of pregnancy loss, primigravida status, rhinologic condition, aspirin usage during pregnancy, and presence of advanced maternal age (AMA, \u226535 years old). Stata\/SE 17.0 Software was used for statistical analysis. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010value of &lt;.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010seven pregnant patients were included. Patients presented with epistaxis (N\u2009=\u200925, 43.9%), chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbations (N\u2009=\u200922, 38.6%), and rhinitis of pregnancy (N\u2009=\u200910, 17.5%). Mean age at presentation was 34.7 years (22\u201053). Multivariate analysis revealed associations between epistaxis and primigravida status (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008) and rhinitis of pregnancy with a history of pregnancy loss (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.012). Gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with epistaxis on univariate analysis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a need for increased awareness among health care providers, including otolaryngologists, regarding the diagnosis and management of rhinologic conditions of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.70114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T07:45:36Z","timestamp":1745567136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rhinologic Conditions of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5098-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Eltawil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7266-9868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacquelyn K.","family":"Callander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5785-183X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Loftus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256674"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2012.3.0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1624\/105812407X192019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5825309"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-07004-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-020-09687-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7070.2001.20906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00437"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1230379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221510009633X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215113001576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2020.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1145-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(86)90155-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2019.34.49.19558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20210043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0937-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-203892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05273-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107602960000600301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2022.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2020.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2010.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000010223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-006-0257-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40733-015-0008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90159-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Severe epistaxis during pregnancy. A case history (author's transl)","volume":"8","author":"El Goulli M","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(95)02438-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2007.09.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Hypovolaemic shock secondary to epistaxis in pregnancy","volume":"22","author":"Cooley SM","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139907800815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903440463"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Nasal septal haemangioma in pregnancy","volume":"65","author":"Noorizan Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199909000-00018"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","first-page":"507","article-title":"Effects of exercise on nasal airflow resistance in healthy subjects and in patients with asthma and rhinitis","volume":"21","author":"Syabbalo NC","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2017.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2020.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2022.12.001"}],"container-title":["OTO Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/oto2.70114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:25:39Z","timestamp":1760952339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/oto2.70114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/oto2.70114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oto2.70114","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-974X","2473-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70114"}}