{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:23:43Z","timestamp":1790011423857,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["OTO Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a virtual reality (VR) platform for understanding head and neck anatomy in medical education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective trial using a pretest\/posttest design to assess understanding of head and neck anatomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single academic institution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>21 medical students performed a standardized, guided VR experience. Students had completed formal education in cadaveric anatomy and reported varying levels of VR and video game exposure. Baseline knowledge was assessed with a multiple\u2010choice quiz (MCQ) (T1). Students then engaged in an educational experience using the Meta Quest platform, followed by a post\u2010VR MCQ (T2). Outcomes included performance metrics, self\u2010reported confidence, user satisfaction, and potential influence of prior technologic exposure on these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Post\u2010VR, the average MCQ score increased from 4.33\u2009\u00b1\u20091.53 (T1) to 6.67\u2009\u00b1\u20091.52 (T2) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). This improvement was consistent across all technological backgrounds, with no significant influence of prior VR (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.18) or gaming (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.14) on performance. Subjects found the VR intervention effective for understanding head and neck anatomy, with 90.48% reporting increased confidence in their knowledge. Students rated the VR educational experience highly for control, sensory immersion, and realism, with minimal distraction or frustration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anatomic VR experiences are a valuable adjunct in medical education, enhancing student confidence and understanding of complex head and neck anatomy, independent of technological background.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/oto2.70217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:41:06Z","timestamp":1772970066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Next Dimension Medical Education: A Pilot Study Exploring Virtual Reality in Head and Neck Anatomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5656-0169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Kentucky, Lexington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1186-9713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Shrevepo,rt Shreveport USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1546-2331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mackenzie","family":"Latour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6797-709X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael T.","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/ons.0000000000000154"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031719"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2023.103976"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Student learning of head and neck anatomy using cone beam computed tomography and immersive virtual reality","volume":"87","author":"Kim\u2010Berman H","year":"2023","journal-title":"AADS 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